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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypothesis |
A proposed explanation for a situation |
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Descriptive method |
Research methods designed for making careful, systematic observations. |
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Case study |
An in-depth analysis of the behavior of one person or a small number of people |
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Naturalistic Observation |
An in-depth study of phenomenon in its natural setting |
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Survey |
A descriptive method in which prticipants are asked the same questions. |
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Sample |
A subset of the population being sampled |
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Population |
The entire group from which a sample is taken |
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Correlation |
A measure of the direction and strength of the relationship between two variables It is positive or negative correlation |
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Variable |
A factor that has a range of values |
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Measure |
A method for describing a variables quantity |
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Third Variable |
A variable that is responsible for a correlation observed between two other variables of interest |
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Correlational method strengths: |
More detailed descriptions Measures variables instead of just observing Can be more ethical than experiments |
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Correlational method limitations: |
Correlation is not causation! |
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Experiment |
A research method that tests hypotheses and allows researchers to make conclusions about causality. Utilizes random assignment Manipulation of variables |
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Independent variable (IV) |
An experimental variable controlled and manipulated by the experimenter |
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Dependent variable (DV) |
A measure that demonstrates the effects of an independent variable |
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Operationalization |
Defines variables How will you define your variables? How will you measure your variables? |
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Control group |
A group that experiences all experimental procedures with the exception of exposure to the independent variable |
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Placebo |
An inactive substance or treatment that can't be distinguished from a real substance or treatment |
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Experimental Group |
A group of participants that is exposed to the independent variable |
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Random Assignment |
The procedure in which each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment |
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Confounding Variable |
Variables that are irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested but can alter a researcher's conclusions |
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Cross-Sectional Study |
Data is taken from people of any age at 1 point in time |
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Longitudinal Study |
Age related study collecting data from one age group over multiple points in time |
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Mixed Longitudinal Study |
An experimental design for assessing age related changes combing other two studies It's a cross sectional study over a short period |
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Reliability |
The consistency of a measure including Test rater-stability of scores on subsequent tests Inter Rater-similar scoring by different judges Intermethod-similar scores on several different tests Internal-similar questions answered same way |
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Validity |
A quality of a measure that leads to valid conclusions |
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Descriptive statistics |
Statistical methods that organize data into meaningful patterns and summaries |
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Inferential Statistics |
Statistical methods that allow experimenters to extend conclusions from samples to larger populations |
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Null Hypothesis |
A hypothesis stating that there is no real difference between two measures. |
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Statistical Significance |
A standard for deciding whether an observed result is because of a chance |
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Meta analysis |
A statistical analysis of many previous experiments on a single topic |
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Informed Consent |
Permission obtained from a participant after risks and benefits of experiment have been well explained |
