Psych

Front 1

3 Real stages of pregnancy

Back 1

Germinal period
embryogenesis
fetogenesis

Front 2

Germinal period

Back 2

conception to 2 wks
zygote

Front 3

embryogenesis period

Back 3

2-8 wks
embryo

Front 4

fetogenesis period

Back 4

2-9 months
fetus

Front 5

zygote

Back 5

fertilized egg

Front 6

embryo

Back 6

distinguishable as a developing human organism

Front 7

fetus

Back 7

organism devloping until birth

Front 8

CNS

Back 8

What develops first and for the longest time during organ devlopment

Front 9

cortical neurons

Back 9

What is developed btwn 10 and 26 weeks after conception

Front 10

Synaptic pathways

Back 10

develop at almost exponential rate through first four years of life

Front 11

lungs

Back 11

last organ to develop

Front 12

3 major pregnancy complications

Back 12

gestational hypertension
gestational diabetes
premature birth

Front 13

gestational hypertension

Back 13

hormons dilate blood vessels during pregnancy
normal blood pressure may be too high

Front 14

gestational diabetes

Back 14

body naturally creates glucose for two (fat and diet)
creates too much, not enough insulin to counteract

Front 15

premature birth

Back 15

delivering a baby prior to 37th week
multiple reasons

Front 16

teratogen

Back 16

any disease drug or other agent that can reach an embryo or fetus

Front 17

Post partum depression

Back 17

similiar to regular depression
onset: soon after up to one year
50-70% of women experience
20% severe symptoms
serious:talk to someone

Front 18

breast feeding

Back 18

infection
diseases
allergies
increases IQ (3-9)
Mom: fertility and cancer decreases and restores weight

Front 19

newborns

Back 19

pattern, face, sound, smell recognition
movement: rooting, palmar grasping swimming and stepping
Sids
infantile amnesia

Front 20

rooting

Back 20

reflexes

Front 21

palmar grasping

Back 21

death grips babies have on fingers

Front 22

SIDS

Back 22

leading cause of infant deaths in U.S.

Front 23

infantile amnesia

Back 23

can't remember before 4 years frontal lobe-long term memory develops later

Front 24

age of walking

Back 24

1 year

Front 25

age of talking

Back 25

1 1/2 to 2 years

Front 26

age of potty training

Back 26

2 years

Front 27

visual cliff

Back 27

depth perception
6.5 months old

Front 28

Freud

Back 28

psychosexual stages

Front 29

psychosexual stages

Back 29

Freud
Oral
anal
phallic
latency
genitile

Front 30

Oral stage

Back 30

psychosexual stage 1
(birth to 18 months)
focus on mouth, lips
dependency

Front 31

Anal Stage

Back 31

Freud psychosexual stage 2
(18 month-3.5 years)
focus on anus, expelling fecal matter, sexual pleasure assoc here
self control/obedience
anal retentive/expulsive

Front 32

phallic stage

Back 32

Fred psychosexual stage 3
(3.5-6 yrs)
focus on genitals
morality and sexuality development
oedipus and electra
penis envy
amoral or sexual individuals

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oedipus and electra

Back 33

sons-moms and daughters-dads

Front 34

penis envy

Back 34

woman jealous of men

Front 35

Latency stage

Back 35

Freud psychosexual stage 4
(6 yrs to adolesence)
nothing happens

Front 36

genitile stage

Back 36

freud psychosexual stage 5
post pubesence
focus on erogenous zones
thoughts toward procreation

Front 37

Piaget

Back 37

children mini adults, watched them
intrigued by wrong answers
children reason differently
cognition
children are active thinkers
schemas
organization
adaptation

Front 38

cognition

Back 38

all mental activities assoc with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Front 39

schemas

Back 39

way we represent reality in our minds
an organized pattern or thought or action that one constructs to interpert aspects of their rexistence
ex: gender

Front 40

organizaion

Back 40

combining existing simple schemas into more complex ones

Front 41

adaptation

Back 41

means of adapting to environment
assimilation and accomodation

Front 42

assimilation

Back 42

process of interpreting new schemas

Front 43

accomodation*

Back 43

process of modifying existing schemas

Front 44

Piaget sensorimotor stage

Back 44

children cant skip stages
birth to two years
development of problem solving abilites, imagination, object permanence

Front 45

object permanence

Back 45

wow effect
impossible events
awareness of numbers

Front 46

Piaget preoperational stage

Back 46

2-7
symbolic functioning: language expands, pretend, mini snoopy idea
conservation
egocentirsm
tehory of mind

Front 47

conservation

Back 47

quantity and shape

Front 48

egocentrism

Back 48

theory of mind
taking anothers perspective
autism and aspergers syndrom

Front 49

Piaget concreteoperational stage

Back 49

7-12 yrs
conservation
relational logic
inferential reasoning
vygotsky

Front 50

Vygotsky

Back 50

inner speech
scaffolding

Front 51

scaffolding

Back 51

ability to learn inner speech for learning

Front 52

Piaget Formal Operational stage

Back 52

from 12 on
truly inferential and abstract reasoning (beyond experience

Front 53

inductive reasoning

Back 53

small to large (stereotypes) one do somthing=all do it

Front 54

deductive reasoning

Back 54

large to small (all blacks good at sports =one is good

Front 55

secure attachment

Back 55

majority of U.S. infants
olutgoing and exploration while mom present
if distressed, seeks physical contact

Front 56

resistant attachment

Back 56

always stay close to mother
wary of strangers and exploration
very distressed when mom leaves, ambivalent/angry when return

Front 57

avoidant attachment

Back 57

little distress when mom leaves
ignore mother
open to strangers but may also ignore

Front 58

disorganized attachment

Back 58

most stress by strange situation
combination of rsistant and avoidant
approach and withdrawal confusion

Front 59

adolesence

Back 59

12-19
socially created recently
difficult because of change

Front 60

identity

Back 60

sense of self, who one is the real me

Front 61

adolescenct egocentrism

Back 61

heightened self

Front 62

heightened self

Back 62

adolescent egocentrism-consciousness of adolescents which is reflected in their belief that others are as interested in them as they are in themselves

Front 63

imaginary audience

Back 63

attention getting behavior on stage
everyone looking at me

Front 64

personal fable

Back 64

sense of uniqueness
invincibility

Front 65

bronfrenbrenner

Back 65

socio-ecological theory

Front 66

socio-ecological theory

Back 66

social environment and how they effect us based on the systems we live in

Front 67

Kohlberg

Back 67

moral reasoning:
-empathy
-preconventional
-conventional
-postconventional
-delayed gratification

Front 68

preconventional

Back 68

kohlberb 2nd stage of moral reasoning
observe rulres to avoid punishment or gain rewards

Front 69

conventional

Back 69

kohlbergs stage of moral reasoning
observe rules because they are laws and rules and not want to hurt others

Front 70

postconventional

Back 70

kohlberg stage of moral reasoning
like formal operational-piaget
morality, agreed upon rights, ethical principles

Front 71

delayed gratification

Back 71

more adjusted as adults if they understand

Front 72

Erickson

Back 72

stages of psychosocial development
each stage has a task/crisis
this is also part of identity formation

Front 73

Erickson stages

Back 73

trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
competence vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs isoloation
integrity vs despair

Front 74

2 primary commitments of adulthood

Back 74

love and work

Front 75

crystallized intelligence

Back 75

one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills;tends to increase with age

Front 76

fluid intelligence

Back 76

one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

Front 77

who is more stable women vs men

Back 77

women

Front 78

learning

Back 78

a permanent change in behavior due to experience
-evolved as a mechanism for coping with the challenges of a changing environment

Front 79

behaviorism

Back 79

only observable behavior

Front 80

measuring learning

Back 80

experiment
baseline
abab design

Front 81

baseline

Back 81

behavior at its normal level

Front 82

Classical conditioning

Back 82

pavlov
associaitive learning
conditioning

Front 83

pavlov

Back 83

physiologist not psychology

Front 84

associative learning

Back 84

begin to associate things together (food and tuning fork)

Front 85

taste aversion

Back 85

eat something and get sick so dont like that food anymore
garcia
unique because it only takes one time and can be delayed time

Front 86

emotaional association

Back 86

advertising-Watson
-pepsi
-calvin klein

Front 87

operant conditioning

Back 87

when responses or behaviors become more or less likely depending on consequences

Front 88

B.F. Skinner

Back 88

Father of behaviorism
Skinner box

Front 89

Skinner box

Back 89

rat presses bar for food and measuring device records the animals accumulated responses

Front 90

shaping

Back 90

differential reinforcement of successive approximations

Front 91

3 Real stages of pregnancy

Back 91

Germinal period
embryogenesis
fetogenesis

Front 92

Germinal period

Back 92

conception to 2 wks
zygote

Front 93

embryogenesis period

Back 93

2-8 wks
embryo

Front 94

fetogenesis period

Back 94

2-9 months
fetus

Front 95

zygote

Back 95

fertilized egg

Front 96

embryo

Back 96

distinguishable as a developing human organism

Front 97

fetus

Back 97

organism devloping until birth

Front 98

CNS

Back 98

What develops first and for the longest time during organ devlopment

Front 99

cortical neurons

Back 99

What is developed btwn 10 and 26 weeks after conception

Front 100

Synaptic pathways

Back 100

develop at almost exponential rate through first four years of life

Front 101

lungs

Back 101

last organ to develop

Front 102

3 major pregnancy complications

Back 102

gestational hypertension
gestational diabetes
premature birth

Front 103

gestational hypertension

Back 103

hormons dilate blood vessels during pregnancy
normal blood pressure may be too high

Front 104

gestational diabetes

Back 104

body naturally creates glucose for two (fat and diet)
creates too much, not enough insulin to counteract

Front 105

premature birth

Back 105

delivering a baby prior to 37th week
multiple reasons

Front 106

ABC model

Back 106

antecedent, behavior, consequence

Front 107

reinforcer

Back 107

anything that has an effect on behavior

Front 108

primary reinforcer

Back 108

natural and immediate (food, sex)

Front 109

secondary reinforcer

Back 109

derived from other reinforceers (Praise, $)

Front 110

positive reinforcers

Back 110

the more its given the more youll do behavior (increase behavior)

Front 111

negative reinforcers

Back 111

like dinging in car to put on seatbelt, alarm clok (increase behavior)

Front 112

punishment

Back 112

discriminitive stimulus (when dad is mad) (decrease behavior

Front 113

reinforcement of punishing behavior

Back 113

swift sailiant: know its going to come
severe

Front 114

drawbacks of punishment

Back 114

escape aggression apathy abuse immitation

Front 115

fixed interval

Back 115

in oc, reinforcers a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Front 116

fixed ratio

Back 116

in oc, reinforcers a response only after a specified number of responses

Front 117

response chains

Back 117

add onto behavior

Front 118

if you reinforce every time then???

Back 118

it begins to mean less

Front 119

delayed reinforcer

Back 119

studied 3 days ago...this is now my good test score

Front 120

satiation

Back 120

too much of something introduced, you like green day and have every song

Front 121

systematic desensitization

Back 121

treatment
video games

Front 122

habituation

Back 122

body becomes used to it, tolerance becomes higher

Front 123

extinction

Back 123

when we stop reinforcing
crying for candy

Front 124

spontaneous recovery

Back 124

see cheeseburger figure if you do cartwheel you can have it

Front 125

motivation

Back 125

extrinsic
intrinsic

Front 126

extrinsic motivation

Back 126

desire to perform abehavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

Front 127

intrinsic motivation

Back 127

a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake

Front 128

phobias

Back 128

intense irrational fears
exposure=extinction

Front 129

CBT

Back 129

cognitive behavioral therapy

Front 130

memory

Back 130

the persistence of learning over time

Front 131

encoding

Back 131

process of entering info into the memory system

Front 132

storage

Back 132

retention of encoded info over time

Front 133

retrievel

Back 133

process of retrieving infro from the memory system

Front 134

selective attention

Back 134

attention is one of the keys to memory but not the only one

Front 135

three stage model

Back 135

sensory memory
short term memory
long term memory

Front 136

sensory memory

Back 136

immediate, very brief form of econding and short term memory

Front 137

short term memory

Back 137

active memory holds info for a short time before discarded
-consolidation

Front 138

long term memory

Back 138

relatively permanent, limitless storage of memory
-skills, knowledge, experience

Front 139

unconscious delivery

Back 139

taking test and see page where answer is but can't remember answer

Front 140

working memory stage

Back 140

stage added onto 3 stage memory
intermediate stage (sensory and short term)
selective (new info)
retention for as long as rehearsal
quick delay

Front 141

automatic processing

Back 141

effortless, unconscious, econding of large amounts of ambient info(ambient: background noise)
-space, time, frequency

Front 142

effortful processing

Back 142

encoding that requires conscious effort and attention

Front 143

rehearsal

Back 143

repition for retention

Front 144

serial posting effect

Back 144

recall first and last best
can also act as interference

Front 145

recency

Back 145

happened most recent, interferes with memory

Front 146

primacy

Back 146

recall past and apply to most recent, interferes with memory

Front 147

remembering/encoding

Back 147

imagery
chunking
mnemonics

Front 148

eidetic memory

Back 148

photographic memory-usually inborn

Front 149

iconic memory

Back 149

visual, we are all a little this way

Front 150

echoic memory

Back 150

auditory

Front 151

scent triggered memories

Back 151

more accurate?
more emotional

Front 152

LTP

Back 152

long term potentiaion
synaptic strength and firing

Front 153

amnesia

Back 153

cant retrief info
implicit and explicit memory

Front 154

implicit memory

Back 154

unconscious, walk, talk

Front 155

explicit memory

Back 155

learning a skill for job

Front 156

priming

Back 156

unconscious memory association and predispositions

Front 157

mood congruent memories

Back 157

mood influences retrieval and interpretation

Front 158

3 sins of forgetting

Back 158

absent-mindedness
transience (lack of use)
blocking (inaccessible

Front 159

storage decay

Back 159

only days after learned it begins to decay

Front 160

proactive

Back 160

primacy-info learned first influences learning now

Front 161

retroactive

Back 161

recency-new learning on the recall of old info

Front 162

herpes encephalis

Back 162

damage to hippocampus, temporal and frontal lobes

Front 163

cognitive dissonance

Back 163

when expectation and reality are in uncomfortable discord
who you want to see yourself as and who you really are dont mesh

Front 164

misinformatin effect

Back 164

misremembering due to leading info

Front 165

imagination effect

Back 165

imagining the event spending time thinking about it

Front 166

source amnesia

Back 166

confusing the sources of memory
hearing, seeing, dreaming