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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nature vs. nurture
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to which degree or hereditary influences (nature) and experiential or enviromental influences (nurture) determine the kind of person you are.
twin studies identical vs. faternal genes |
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continuity vs. discontinuity
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whether a particular development phenomenon represents a smooth progression throughout the life span (continuity) or a series of abrupt shifts
(discontinuity) life experiences |
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universal vs. context-specific
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concerns whether there is just a one path of development of several
cultural influences |
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biological forces
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genetics and health related factors that affect human development
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psychological forces
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allinterbal perceptual, cognitive ,emotional, and personality factors that affect development
temporment... how you were born |
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sociocultural forces
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interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors that affect development
your culture relatsionships attitude |
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life-cycle forces
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reflect differences in how the same event affects people of different ages.
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theory
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an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development
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psychodynamic theories
(freud) |
propose that human behavior is largely governed by motives and drives that are internal and often unconscious.
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psychosocial theory
who invented? |
Erickson
proposed that personality development is determined by the interaction of an internal maturational plan and external societal demands. (personality develops in stages) |
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Behavioralism Theory
who invented? |
Watson/Skinner
Enviroment controls behavior |
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Information Processing
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thought develpos by increases in effeciency at handeling information
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operant conditioning
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consequences of a behavior determine whether a behavior is repeated in the future
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observational learning
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people learn from watching those around them.
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social cognitive theory... who?
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Bandura
complex view of reward, punishment, imitation.... peoples beliefs in their talents and their abilities |
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naturalistic observation
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people observed in their own enviroment spontaneously
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structured observation
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researcher creates a setting that is particularly likely to elicit the behavior of interests
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validity
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does it provice accuarte results?
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reliability
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is it a constant measure?
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longitudinal study
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the same people tested over long period of time
disadvantages- cost, people lose interest |
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cross sectional study
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testing of people that are different ages but at the same time
advantages- time effective, cheap dis-cant study stability of behavior, cohort effect |
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cohort effect
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differences between ages groups and the events in their enviroment
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sequential designs
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both cross sectional and longitudinal... multiple groups of people are tested over multiple periods of time
dis-expensive, time |
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monozygotic twins
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identical twins because they come from one fertilized egg that split into two
differences in enviroment cause genetics are identical |
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dizygotic twins
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fraterbal twins come from two seperate eggs fertizled by two different sperm
same enviroment but different genetics |
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niche-picking
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the process of deliberatly seeking enviroments that fit one's heredity
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zygote
weeks 1-2 |
moves to uterus
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embryo
weeks 3-8 |
body structures, organs, amnotic sac fills with fluid
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fetus
weeks 9-birth(38) |
beginning 3 layers
ectoderm- skin, hair and nervous system mesoderm- muscles, bones, circulatory endoderm- digestive system, lungs |
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vernix
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thick greasy substance that protects baby in the amniotic fluid
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tertogenic diseases
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aids, herpes, syphilis
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amniocentesis
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a needle is inserted to take sample of amniontic fluid to make sure its cool
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chorionic villus sampling
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sample obtained from the placenta
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Birth Stage 1
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contractions enlargement of cervix to 10cm
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brith stage 2
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passes through cervix and enters the vagina
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birth stage 3
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afterbirth of the placenta
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crowning
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babys head
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babinski reflex
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rub bottom of foot and toes will fan out- shows good signs for the nervous system
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moro reflex
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falling throws arms out and pulls them back in
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rooting reflex
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rub face and face will turn in that direction
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apgar
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assessing the baby.... heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflexes, skin tone 7 good, 4-6 needs help
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nbas
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neonatal behavioral assessment scale...
includes 28 behavorial items assess infants autonomis, motor, state, social systems |
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neuroplasticity
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brain shows flexability in development involves distinct demands may affect organization and mapping
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left hemishere
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language
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right hemishere
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non verbal communication
body language, music, space |
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frontal cortex
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personality
goal directed behavior and emotional response |
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corpus collasum
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connects bands of fibers connecting both halves
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hearing
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developed right away
6 months can distinguish pitches like adults 7 months infants can locate object making the noise |
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self concept
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9 month old sees themselves in the mirror but doens't know it to be them
15-24 months realize it to be themselves |
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theory of mind
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age 2 - understand desires and behavoir
age 3 - distinguish between mental and physical world age 4- understand behavor is based on beliefs |
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correlational studies
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measures relationship between variables occuring naturally
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correlation coeffecient
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r meauses strength
doesnt prove causation |
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chromosomes in egg and sperm
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23 egg + 23 sperm = 46 new baby
22 autosomes 23rd pair chooses sex of baby 46 chromosomes contain 30.000 genes |
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alleles
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the pair from mom and dad together
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behavorial genetics
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the study of inheritance or behavioral and psychological traits
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temperament
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infants behavoir- effected by enviroment and genetics
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dimensions of temperament
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1. activity level- motor activity
2. positive affect- pleasure, enthusiasm, contentment 3. persistence- amount of resistance to distraction 4. inhibition-shyness 5. negative affect- irrability |
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handedness
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90% prefer right hand use
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