Psych 406 Unit 11 Feminism

Front 1

Human nature

Back 1

Diversity, complex sexism, social context critical.

Front 2

Outdated theories

Back 2

Androcentric,
Gendercentric
Ethnocentric
Heterosexist
Intrapsychich
Deterministic

Front 3

Androcentric theory

Back 3

a) male oriented view of human nature

Front 4

Gendercentric

Back 4

b) theory for separate paths of development

Front 5

c) Ethnocentric theories:

Back 5

assumes imilarity between races, etc

Front 6

d) Heterosexist theories:

Back 6

Heterosexual relationship normative, devalues same sex relationships.

Front 7

e) Intrapsychich orientation:

Back 7

behavior given internal causes

Front 8

f) Determinism:

Back 8

present personality patterns are fixed at early stage of development.

Front 9

Constructs of feminism

Back 9

Fender fair (diffs are socialized, not natural)
Flexible multicultural theory: universal principles
Interactionist theories: specific to thinking, feeling, behaving links to context
Life-span perspectives: human development is lifelong. changes can occur any time.

Front 10

Six interrelated principles

Back 10

Personal is political
Personal and social IDs are interdependent
Definitions of distress/mentall ilness reformulated
Analysis of oppression
Egalitarian counselling relationship
Women's perspectives are valued

Front 11

Personal is political

Back 11

a) social change is a responsibility of therapists and women in therapy. Anger can be channelled into constructive energy.

Front 12

Interdependent personal and social IDS

Back 12

b) clients best understood in context of social environment. Repeats the goal of social change.

Front 13

Distress/mental illness reformulated

Back 13

c) rejects disease model.The intrapsychic and interpersonal are partial explanations, external factors are huge. Psych distress is communication about unjust systems.
Pain is not a defect, but resistance: the skill/will to survive oppression. Other symptoms also survival strategies.

Front 14

Analysis of Oppression

Back 14

d) challenge all forms of oppression, recognize their own bias, etc. E.g. men are also oppressed.

Front 15

Egalitarian relationship

Back 15

e) mutual: authentic connection b/w client and therapist. Therapists self disclose, are authentic, obtain informed consent.

Front 16

Women's perspectives valued

Back 16

f) accept various ways of knowing. Ie. Subjective and objective. Value emotions as touchstones for reality.

Front 17

Goals

Back 17

Discrimination free society
Five proposed:
a) Equality
b) Balancing independence and interdependence
c) Empowerment
d) Self-nurturance
e) Valuing diversity.

v. empbrace personal power

Front 18

Therapist role

Back 18

Depends on theory
Only total commitment makes a feminist therapist
Therapy is a shared journey/life changing
PCT similarity: trust client to solve own problems. HOwever, relationship is insufficient.
Equal relationship, self disclosure if it helps client.
Relational expert

Front 19

Client role

Back 19

Participate!
Tell stories
Trust own power
Learn you're not alone (other women have done the same)
Take on new roles
Negotiate for equality
Be more assertive
Become activist?
Major paradigm shift
Expert on self

Front 20

Client/ther relationship

Back 20

Equality.
Empowerment.
Demystify.
ID gender role expectations/influence
Include client in assessment/treatment

Front 21

Many approaches

Back 21

i. contracts, homework, bibliotherapy, therapist self-disclosure, empowerfment, role playing, cognitive restructuring, reframing, relabeling, assertiveness training.
ii. Gender role analysis and intervention
iii. Power analysis and intervention
iv. Social action

Front 22

Diagnosis

Back 22

Involve client
Criticizes DSM
e) Diagnosing distress is secondary to assessing strengths, skill and resources. I think this is excellent.

Front 23

Consciousness raising techniques

Back 23

a) diff b/w what they have been taught and what is healthy.

Front 24

Empowerment

Back 24

Informed consent: discuss how to get the most from therapy, expectations, goals, contract to guide process. Show client she is in charge.

Front 25

Self-disclosure

Back 25

Equalize relationship, disclose own difficulties in learning to accept what is healthy, not popular. Help them understand that “the personal is political.”
Anticipatory empathy: how will disclosure affect my client?
Therapist states relevant values/views about society so client can make informed choice about whether or not to work with them.

Front 26

Gender role analysis

Back 26

Examine how gender-role expectations have an impact and how to alter the way the client accepts and uses these.

Front 27

Gender role intervention

Back 27

Therapist steps in to provide insight into ways that social issues are affecting the client’s problem.

Front 28

f) Power analysis and power intervention

Back 28

Similar to gender role stuff.
Awareness of power difference between men/women in our society, empowering client to take charge of self.
Help develop self-esteem and self-appreciation without having to “find a man.”

Front 29

Bibliotherapy

Back 29

Nonfiction books, psych texts, autobiographies, self-0help, education videos, and sometimes even (gasp!) novels.
Increases client expertise, decreases the power difference between client and therapist.
Supplements sessions
Teaches specific coping skills

Front 30

Assertiveness training

Back 30

Awareness of interpersonal rights
Transcends stereotypical gender roles, changes negative bliefs, etc.
Distinguish between assertiveness and aggression.
It is her right to ask for what she wants and needs. Anticipate possible negative consequences.
Bibliotherapy: Mary Crawford’s book: Talking Difference: On Gender and Language

Front 31

Reframing and relabelling

Back 31

Not unique to feminist therapy.
Shift from blaming the victim to considering social factors that have influence.

Front 32

Group Work

Back 32

Helps connect with others in the same boat.

Front 33

Social Action

Back 33

Suggest activities such as volunteering at a rape crisis center, write letters, provide community education about gender issues.

Front 34

Role of Men

Back 34

a) Can a man be a feminist therapist ? Maybe. They can definitely be anti-sexist.
b) Can help them deal with their own oppression under patriarchal system.
c) Fem. Therapists oft work with men, espe abusive men. Can help learn capacity for intimacy, expressing emotions, etc.

Front 35

f) Feminism translating to multicultural:

Back 35

Acknowledge negative effects of sexism and racism
ID and deal with feelings pertaintin to status as ethnic minority women
View selves as able to find solutions
Understanding interplay between external stimuli and their reality
Integrate ethnic, gender and racial components into ID

Front 36

assertiveness training

Back 36

Awareness of interpersonal rights, helps transcend stereotypical gender roles, changes negative beliefs, etc. Helps distinguish between asertiveness and aggression. Let them know it is their right to ask what they want and need. Anticipate possible negative consequences.

Front 37

bibliotherapy

Back 37

Non fiction books, psych texts, authobios, self-help, education videos, sometimes novels. Increases client expertise, decreases the power difference between client and therapist. Supplements sessions. Teaches specific coping skills.

Front 38

connectedness and interdependence

Back 38

In a culture that harps on the importance of independence and solitude, feminism suggests we remember interdependence and connectedness (traits often labelled as feminine)

Front 39

empowerment

Back 39

Both a concept and a technique: Giving informed consent: discuss how to get the most from therapy, expectations, goals, contract to guide process. Show client they are in charge.

Front 40

engendered lives

Back 40

Kaschak: gender is life's organizing principle. Masculine defines the feminie because men copntrol society. Ensuing women's intuition is that women are worth less than men.

Front 41

gender bias in assessment and diagnosis

Back 41

White male heterosexuals have designed most of the DSM-IV classification system for the sake of white male heterosexuals.

Front 42

gender role analysis

Back 42

Technique: examine how gender role expectations have an impact and consider how o alter the way the client accepts and uses these expectations

Front 43

gender role intervention

Back 43

Technique: as a follow up to gender role analysis, the therapist steps in to provide insight into ways that social issues may be affecting the client's problem.

Front 44

group work

Back 44

Helps connect with others in the same boat

Front 45

personal is political

Back 45

Keystone principle in feminism. Points out that social patterns and personal problems cannot be separated. They are inextricably connected. Social change is seen as a responsibility of therapists and women in therapyl Clients must be understood in the context of social environment, but must also take responsibility (though victims) and work to change selves and society

Front 46

power analysis and power intervention

Back 46

Technique: similar to gender analysis and intervention. Bring awareness of power diff b/w men and women in our society, empowering client to take charge of themselves. Help client develop self-esteem and self-appreciation without having to "find a man."

Front 47

reframing

Back 47

Same as relabeling. Not unique to fem. Therapy. Shift from "blaming the victim" to considering the social factors that have influence.

Front 48

relabeling

Back 48

Same as reframing. Not unique to fem. Therapy. Shift from "blaming the victim" to considering the social factors that have influence.

Front 49

self-disclosure

Back 49

Technique: equalizes the relationship. Disclose own difficulties (ie. Learning to accept what is healthy, not popular). Help clients understand that "ther personal is political." Requires "anticipatory empathy." ie. Asking the question "how will disclosure affect my client?" The therapist states their relevant values about society so client can make informed choices about whether or not to work with that therapist.

Front 50

self-in-relation

Back 50

Encourage client to see themselves in relation to others and the social context they come from, rather than as isolated individuals.

Front 51

social action

Back 51

Technique: suggest activities such as volunteering at rape crisis center, writing letters, providing community education about gender issues, etc.

Front 52

Liberal feminism

Back 52

Overcome limits of socialization patterns.
Have same ability as men, therefore equal
Work/social places must be more bias free.
Major goals: personal empowermen, dignity, self fillfillmen, equality

Front 53

Cultural feminists

Back 53

Oppression comes from forgetting women's strengths
Emphasize diff b/w men and women
Solution: feminization of culture
Major goal of therr: social transformation using feminine values

Front 54

Radical feminists

Back 54

Focus on oppression of patriarchy.
Huge activists
Therapy is political enterprise
Major goals: transofrm gender relationships, transform societal institutions, increase women's sexual and procreateive self-determination

Front 55

Socialist feminists

Back 55

Societal change (like radical fems)
Emphasis on multiple oprpression, not just patriarchy.
Solution accounts for class, race, econ, ets.
How doe work, school, and family roles affect lives?
Major goal of ther: transform social relationships and institutions

Front 56

Postmodern feminists

Back 56

Critique other feminist approaches
Multiples trusths as opposed to one
Limitations of knowledge
Fallibility of "knowers"
Decunstruct polarities (ie. masculine feminine)

Front 57

Women of color feminists (womanists)

Back 57

Must be more inclusive
White fems overgeneralize their experience
Must also deal with racial, economic oppression
Assess access to privilege and power

Front 58

Lesbian feminists

Back 58

Sim to radical fems.
Oppression related to sexualized images of women.
Claim that same-sex relationships are healthy.
Lesbians of color must deal with being lesbian, women, and black.
Call for a look at multiple identities, and see diversity of lesbianism

Front 59

Global-international feminists

Back 59

Worldwide perspective
Race, sex, econ, class affect women in ther countries
Each woman under unique systems of oppression