Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Clinical (brain study method)
|
looking at the brain after death.
|
|
|
EEG
|
look at electrical activity in the brain. also can include implanted electrodes in animals and people.
|
|
|
CT
|
Computed Tomography. Multiple x-rays to study structure
|
|
|
MRI
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Gives detailed image of soft tissues. Different resolution than a CT.
|
|
|
PET
|
Positron Emission Tomography. Pictures, not x-rays. Looks at brain activity via glucose.
|
|
|
Functional MRI
|
Combines soft tissue look of the MRI and PET scan structure study.
|
|
|
MEG
|
Magneto encephalography. Study the brain in real-time by tracking neuron firing patterns.
|
|
|
Lesioning and ablation (study method)
|
Destroy and study function change. Not used with humans.
|
|
|
Electrical Stimulation
|
Stimulate and study function
|
|
|
Central Nervous System
|
Brain and Spinal cord.
|
|
|
Peripheral Nervous system
|
Everything but the brain and spinal cord.
|
|
|
Autonomic nervous system
|
Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands. part of the peripheral nervous system.
|
|
|
Sympathetic nervous system
|
(Accelerator) controls "fight or flight" associated with stress. digestion shuts down when understress because energy is needed elsewhere.
|
|
|
Parasympathetic
|
(Brakes) controls anabolic processes and resting state. Conserves energy as it calms by decreasing heartbeat and lowering blood sugar. works with the sympathetic nervous system
|
|
|
Somatic nervous system
|
Voluntary movement, like walking and talking.Part of the peripheral nervous system
|
|
|
Neurons
|
the building block of the nervous system
|
|
|
Neuron structure
|
cell body, dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal and synapse
|
|
|
Acetylcholine (ACH)
|
Neurotransmitter. Motor and learning/memory.Perpherial and central systems. Anytime you move. People w/alzheimers see a decrease.
|
|
|
Dopamine
|
Movement,learning,attention and emotion. In executive parts of the brain that decide. Deliver the command. Parkinsons is caused by the shortage. Too much can cause schizoprenia
|
|
|
Serotonin
|
Neurotransmitter. Mood, appetite and aggression. If not enough, depression.
|
|
|
Norepinephrine
|
learning, mood. drops when falling asleep. linked to bipolar disorder when to much.
|
|
|
Endorphins
|
Modulation of arousal and pain. Send signal that inhibits pain. Secreted during stress to regulate the heart and breath.
|
|
|
GABA
|
Movement. Inhibitory neurotransmitter. Produced while sleeping. undersupply linked to seizures, tremors and insomia.
|
|
|
Glutamate
|
Memory. More you have, the better you have, and vice versa.
|
|
|
BDNF
|
Guides synaptic contacts.
|
|
|
Agonists
|
mimic action or enhance release. L-dopa mimics dopamine and reduces parkinsons symptoms. Morphine mimics endorphins and reduces pain.
|
|
|
Antagonists
|
Block release or inhibit action. Botulin blocks ACH and paralyzes muscles. (Botox)Thorazine blocks dopamine and reduces schizo symptoms
|
|
|
Reuptake/breakdown Inhibitors
|
maintain action. Prolong action of bodys own neurotransmitters. Serotonin- prozak blocks reupate of serotonin and reduces depression. SSRI-slective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors
|
|
|
Medulla
|
first swelling at the base of skull. Controls respiration, heart rate, blood pressure. No medulla, no life.
|
|
|
Pons
|
Right above medulla, arousal, muslce tone. Keeps us upright. Cardiac reflexes, fucntion of heart. No pons, no life
|
|
|
Reticular Formation
|
Inside the brain stem. Arousal gateway and sleep. Biological basis for introversion and extroversion.
|
|
|
Pineal Gland and SCN
|
Circadian and seasonal rhythms. Part of brain stem region. Size of a pine nut. SCN is cluster of neurons.
|
|
|
Thalamus
|
Neural relay station. Forwards signals to correct station.
|
|
|
Cerebellum
|
Muscle coordination.
|
|
|
Brain Stem
|
primiative brain, oldest part, controls vitals.
|
|
|
Midbrain/Limbic
|
emotional "animal" brain
|
|
|
Cerebral Cortex
|
Higher order
|
|
|
Hippocampus
|
Memory formation, transfer of short term to long term memories. In alzheimers, this portion has shrunk.
|
|
|
Amygdala
|
emotions and aggression.PET scans more active in this region when depressed.
|
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
regulates Autonamic nervous systerm. Internal thermostat. Tucked into the thalamus. If sick, immune system sends messages to this to make a fever.
|
|
|
frontal lobe
|
speech, judgement, movement. executive decisions.
|
|
|
Parietal lobe
|
body sensations.
|
|
|
Occipital lobe
|
Visual ability
|
|
|
Temporal Lobe
|
auditory. Face recognition. Language, symbols.
|
|
|
Association areas
|
information intergration and memory storage
|
|
|
Prefrontal cortex
|
Controls executive functions
|
|
|
psychopathy
|
associated with conduct disorders and antisocial personality. linked to the prefrontal cortex.
|
|
|
Left hemisphere
|
language, math, reasoning, music.
|
|
|
right hemisphere
|
spatial/perceptual emotional expression
|
|
|
Corpus collosum
|
fibers linking hemispheres
|
|
|
B lymphocytes
|
form in bone marrow and relase antibodies that fight bacterial infection
|
|
|
T lymphocytes
|
form in the thymus and other lumphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses and foreign substances
|
|
|
Stress
|
the process by which we perveive and respond to certain events
|
|
|
general adaptaion syndrome (GAS)
|
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages, alarm, resistance and exhaustion
|
|
|
psychophysiological
|
"mind-body" illness. any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches
|
