Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are the effects of alcohol?
|
acute:hangover, nausea, headache,coma/death, alcohol is a toxin.
Chronic: nervous system- korsakoff syndrome (holds only short term memory. Liver- cirrohosis (impairs liver), gets too fatty. cancer- reproduction: fetal alcohol syndrome. They are all bad |
|
|
what is withdrawal from alcohol like?
|
severe, likely to cause death
|
|
|
Stages of withdrawal?
|
Abstinence syndrome: 4 stages
1)tremors, increased heart beat, heaving sweating, loss of appetite, isomnia, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, anxiety 2)hallucinations: auditory, visual and tactile 3) delusions: disorientation, followed by amnesia, delirious 4) seizure activity Potential Problem: more likely to cause death |
|
|
What world region did nicotine originate from?
|
In the Americas
|
|
|
How did nicotine reach Europe?
|
Through commercial importation in large quantities.
In the 1600's |
|
|
What was the European reaction to nicotine?
|
they found both it's taste and smell foreign and disgusting.
Association of nicotine and respected members of society made nicotine a desired commodity. |
|
|
Why do countries eventually come to make tobacco legal?
|
?
|
|
|
Factors that influence a person in deciding which manner to use tobacco? (chew cigs, or snuff)
|
-cultural factors
-practicality - depends on how long you want the "buzz" - occupation |
|
|
Why are cigs the most popular method of using tobacco?
|
-added chemicals, so it burns slower
-dont have to keep lighting it - first advertised as the womens cigar( so everyone is more likely to want one. |
|
|
Second Hand Smoke
|
Cigarette smoke inhaled from the environment by nonsmokers
can be harmful |
|
|
Side- stream smoke
|
Smoke arising from the ash of the cig or cigar.
Is higher in many carcinogens |
|
|
Mainstream Smoke
|
the combination of inhaled and exhaled smoke after taking a puff on the cig.
The make-up of mainstream smoke: Frequency of puffs, duration, and volume. |
|
|
Health: harmful effects of Nicotine
|
Acute: stinky
-reduced taste ability -toxic reaction Chronic: heart/ vascular disease (poor circulation) -cuts off oxygen to certain parts of the body -Bronchitis -emphysema, -bladder + lung cancer - reproduction reduction (early births |
|
|
Tolerance and withdrawal of tobacco
|
T: develops rapidly
W: decreases heart rate/blood pressure -increase in appetite, nausea, tremors, dizziness -cravings -anxiety -poor concentration |
|
|
Nicotines effects on the mind and behavior
|
-increases metabolism
-nesbitt paradox-calming or hyping - stress reliever - dizziness -increase in attention |
|
|
Theraputic index of tobacco
|
50
|
|
|
what gives rise of tobacco flavor
|
the type of tobacco leaf
|
|
|
what world region did coffee originate from
|
in Ethiopian regions (the wine of islam)
|
|
|
what world region did tea originate from
|
Originates in SE asia (first used in china)
|
|
|
What world region did Chocolate Originate from
|
Originates in Mexico and Central America
|
|
|
How did tea reach Europe
|
the dutch delivered the first tea in 1610
|
|
|
Tolerance and Withdrawal of Caffeine
|
?
|
|
|
Tolerance and Withdrawal of Chocolate
|
?
|
|
|
why are there more english tea drinkers and more american coffee drinkers
|
some regions found it cheaper to import coffee than tea or vice versa.
there were wars where tea and coffee got separated |
|
|
does caffeine make you feel pleasure
|
yes- there is dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
|
|
|
are caffeine and chocolate addictive
|
yes
|
|
|
differences of chocolate and caffeine (in terms of tolerance and withdrawal)
|
(caffeine)tolerance: develops slowly
Withdrawal:tiredness, exhastion, restricts blood vessels (chocolate) tolerance: none withdrawal: there are many minerals, so it increasings craving component |
|
|
Synthetic drug
|
-Non organic
-chemically synthesized -enhance effects from naturally occurring drugs |
|
|
Designer drugs
|
-drugs with entirely different chemical structures that produce similar subjective effects to illegal recreational drugs.
-drugs that are created to get around existing drug laws -ECSTACY |
|
|
What world region did Opiates originate from
|
the Mediterranean- 200 BC
Spain- 5000 BC |
|
|
how did opiates spread to the rest of the world
|
developed and dissolved in red wine
|
|
|
Opium wars
|
-1800's
-china wanted to stop the trade because the chinese became addicted -wars over sale of opium - other countries would make money off the chinese addiction |
|
|
what advances made opiate drugs especially dangerous
|
-1803: morphine was isolated
-1821: codeine was isolated -1898: heroin was synthesized |
|
|
why may opiates be the "PERFECT DRUG"
|
-Opiate addiction is easy to hide
-very potent -not many adverse effect -general performance is not impaired EXCEPT: it's really addictive |
|
|
Behavior of the opiate addict
|
- discover heroin through a friend
-maintain a certain level, increases gradually - chipping vs addict -Chipper: some eventually take large doses - much time is spent tracking down the next "fix" - in the end: many die. OVERDOSE IS THE #1 CAUSE OF DEATH FOR ADDICTS -in the end:many just give up ="maturing out" after 5-10 years =the longer you use, the less likely you will stop |
|
|
what factors cause HEROIN to be so dangerous
|
- Diseases transferred
-has a low therapeutic index =morphine: 15 = heroin:6 -7x likely to overdose when fresh out of rehab -withdrawals |
|
|
The development of Amphetamine
|
-Starts in MA huang plant
- 1937: given for ailments(weight control, depression, ADHD, narcolepsy) -ephedrine: isolated in 1880's -1927: amphetamine was noticed to be similar to ephedrine and epinephrine -1937: amphet. was given out for asthma, cold and sinus symptoms (opens breathing) |
|
|
why is amphetamine use starting to rise
|
-cheaper
-products that are used to make it are easy to find -high is long lasting |
