Psych 305: Chapter 4 Cont.

Front 1

OCD symptoms

Back 1

obsessions
exp as disturbing/inappropriate
cause anxiety
try to ignore/suppress
with compulsions
-response to an obsession
compulsion reduces distress and anxiety

excessive unreasonable recognition
cause marked distress, impairment/consume more than 1 hour/day

Front 2

obsessions
complusions

Back 2

recurrent, persistent, intrusive thoughts, impulses, images
-over repetitive behaviors/covert mental acts (praying rituals, etc)

Front 3

common themes of OCD obsessions

Back 3

dirt/contamination, orderliness, religion, anxiety, violence/aggression

Front 4

common themes of OCD compulsions

Back 4

cleaning, checking, order/balance, touching and/or counting

Front 5

hoarding

Back 5

inability to discard worthless items (to "post pone" decision about them)
decreases anxiety and creates sense of safety
sense of perfectionism & "what if i need it later?"

Front 6

what causes OCD?
psychosocial factors
behavioral theory

Back 6

classical/opperatn cond anxiety connected to feeling of perfectionism
ex. looking in mirror=shame. now looking into mirror is anxiety provoking, to decrease anxiety do compulsion (fixing hair)
suppression of thoughts: trying 2 not have thoughts paradoxical effect: (^ intrusive thoughts)
appraisals of thoughts: overreacting to unwanted thoughts
-expect terrible things will happen
-blame self for normal thoughts
thought-action fusion: equate thoughts w/ specific actions/activity rep by those thoughts

Hint 6

suppression of thoughts
classical/opperat cond
appraisals of thoughts
thought-action fusion

Front 7

what causes OCD?
biological factors

Back 7

genetic influences: overall genetic predisposition for anxiety
abnormal brain function: basal ganglia (problem taking sensory exp and converting to thoughts), frontal cortex problems (decreased impulse control)
serotonin: OCD decreased when SSRI added

Hint 7

genetic influences
abnormal brain function (3 know problem areas)

Front 8

treating OCD
CBT

Back 8

exposure therapy-response prevention: hold unwanted thought w/o perf. compulsion (confront what most fear)

Hint 8

exposure therapy-response prevention

Front 9

treating OCD
biological therapy

Back 9

anti-depressants (SSRIs) relapse rates increase after discontinuation]
-combo SSRIs and CBT recommended

Front 10

Stress disorders: what is stress

Back 10

stressors: frustrations, conflicts, pressures (events creating demands)
conflict: incompatable needs/conflicts @ play
approach-avoidance conflicts: tendency to approach/avoid the same goal (love partner, but can't stand them)
double approach conflict: 2 + desirable goals but have to choose 1 (ex. choosing grad schools)
double-avoidance conflict: have 2 choose btw 2+ undesirable choices
pressures: placing on self internally or external (loved ones) pressuring 2 perform/do something

Hint 10

stressors
conflict (what are the 3 types)
pressures

Front 11

coping strategies

Back 11

task-defense oriented coping style: take action to make changes
-defense: behavior directed primarily from hurt and disorganization
-usually use both strategies

Hint 11

2 different types of coping strategies
how do people use them both?

Front 12

what is stress a product of

Back 12

stress product of coping when coping strategy no longer adequate to manage the stressor @ hand

Front 13

Eustress and distress

Back 13

eustress: stress from + aspects of life (supposed to be feeling happiness, joy,etc.)
disctress: stress result of - life event

Front 14

effects of severe stress
decompensation

Back 14

cumulative stress created severe stress response
when exp sustained (cronic) severe stressor when decompensates, adaptive functioning lowered (to deal with life events)
stress so severe person incapable of doing task of the day

Hint 14

nervous breakdown

Front 15

effects of severe stress
biological stress

Back 15

sympathetic NS: significant activation ^HR, BP, pupil dialtes, etc.
if in over drive for too long=exhaustion
immune system: psychoneuroimmunology-stress affects body's immune response

Front 16

psychological stress disorders

Back 16

(specifically the experience/symptoms related to extreme exp. of stress
-adjustment disorder
-acute stress disorder
-post-traumatic stress disorder

Front 17

psychological stress disorders
adjustment disorder symptoms

Back 17

trying to adjust to identifiable life change
identifiable stressor (marriage, college, etc.) must adjust life to
-marked distress in excess of what would be expected (mood probs, anxiety probs, etc.)
significant impairment: (acute less than 6 months, cronic 6 months+)
innocuous disorder is DSM (when patient doesn't meet full criteria for other disorder this would be diagnosed)
less severe from other stess disorders

Hint 17

identifiable stressor
length of time?
how does it relate to the DSM?

Front 18

psychological stress disorders
acute stress disorder

Back 18

symptoms present for less than 1 month
(1 month plus=PTSD)

Front 19

psychological stress disorders
acute + PTSD symptoms

Back 19

may dev in response to either acute exp of stress of long-term exp of stress
reexperiencing traumatic event (reoccuring memories of trauma)
sometimes exp trauma through reenactment
avoidance of stimuli associated w/ the trauma
reduced responsiveness: breaks attachment from others (emotional numbing, exp. psychological separation of event/relay info about event w/o exp. the emotional responsiveness expected to have)
increased arousal: (@ same time as reduced responsiveness) physiologically "ramped up", overly alert-easily startled, etc.
survival guilt

Hint 19

avoidance
reexperiencing
reenactment
reduced responsiveness
survival guilt
increased arousal

Front 20

risk factors for adverse reactions to disasters
pre-disaster factors

Back 20

gender: women/girls more affected by natural disasters
age/experience: middle aged adults greater risk (higher baseline stressors)
culture/ethnicity: majority groups better response
SES: lower=more @ risk

Hint 20

gender
age/experience
culture/ethnicity
SES

Front 21

risk factors for adverse response to disastors
family factors

Back 21

-women: ^ risk if married
men: decreased risk if married
having children, ^ baseline
-parental psychopathology linked w/ child psychopathology

Front 22

risk factors for adverse response to disastors
pre-disastor functioning/personality

Back 22

mental health probs before natural disastor, more likely to devlep PTSD
-more anxious in general ^ risk

Front 23

risk factors for adverse response to disastors
within disastor factors

Back 23

severity of exposure
neighborhood/community level exposure

Front 24

risk factors for adverse response to disastors
post disastor factors

Back 24

chronic stress: acute stress of disaster amplifys chronic stress=less resources to manage chronic stress, etc.
secondary stress + resource availability: food/safety etc. probs

Hint 24

chronic stress
secondary stress + resource availability

Front 25

prevention of stress disorder

Back 25

prevention: control damage
stress innoculation training: (CBT) changing thinking to help manage loss

Front 26

treatment of stress disorder
short-term crisis therapy
post disastor debriefing sessions

Back 26

short-term crisis therapy: focus on current safety (how can help get through today?)
post disastor debriefing sessions: (controversial) group ppl exp same thing-most effective when done by choice

Front 27

treatment of stress disorder
cognitive-behavioral therapy:

Back 27

exposure therapy: move towards memory of trauma when they are ready (seem psychologically able to do this) approach any stimuli avoided

Front 28

treatment of stress disorder
psychotropic medications

Back 28

anti-depressants (SSRI)
trazadone (sleep med)
possible benzodiazapines
seizure med to interrupt intrusive memory of trauma