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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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fear vs. anxiety vs. panic
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fear: state of alarm in response to a known threat (reaction to immediate danger)
anxiety: state of alarm in response to a vaque sense of threat (apprehension to an anticipated prob) panic: sudden overwhelming terror, alarm response of fear when there is nothing to be afraid of |
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3 types of panic:
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situationally bound: clear trigger in envir (phobias)
unexpected/uncued panic: panic comes out of no where (panic disorder) situationally predisposed: part place/situation places person @ higher risk (more likely to have attack in certain place ) |
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anxiety
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more extreme/cronic than normal social, achademic functioning affected negatively by abnormal anxiety
interrellate: physiological affects cognitive exp>emotion>physiological>affecting behavior |
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anxiety disorders
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
panic disorder specific phobias social phobias obsessive-compulsive disorder acute stress disorder post-traumatic stress disorder |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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symptoms: excessive anxiety/worry about # of events/activities
-difficulty controlling the worry -restlessness, easily fatigues, diff concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, muscle tension autonomic restrictors -significant stress or impairment (can function quite well in day to day life) |
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stats of GAD
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F:M 2:1
onset often insidious (beg in early adulthood) |
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what causes GAD?
psychosocial factors cognitive biases affect and images |
Psychoanalytic: free-floating anxiety in unconscious atachs to areas in person's life (neurosis-inability to tolerate ambiguity)
-unpredictable/uncontrollable events (no "safety signals" to respond to so person stays on "high alert" at all times cognitive biases: assume something bad wil happen, perceive/notice more signs of threat affect and images: tend to be autonomic restrictors (b/c patient avoids these images) |
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what causes GAD?
biological theory |
bio predisposition to be neurobiologically sensitive to the envir.
genetic role: anxious temperament, mood, etc. neurotransmitter: GABA, serotonin, norepinephrine cortisol, adrenaline: ? associated brain structures: increase cognitive processing in frontal lobes |
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treatment of GAD
drug therapy |
drugs that ^ GABA, but highly addictive
SSRI's NSRI's |
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treatment of GAD
cognitive-behavioral therapy |
relaxation training-progressive muscle relaxation
cognitive restructuring-help patient see irrational thoughts, dev. different way of thinking of their experiences approach - affect and images |
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Panic disorder
symptoms |
sweating
trembling/shaking shortness breath feeling choking chest pain nausea/abdominal distress feeling dizzy increase HR derealization/depersonalization fear of losing control fear of dying numbness chills/hot flashes |
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why do panic attacks occur
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occur repeatedly, unexpectedly, w/o apparent reason
cycle of fear from concern of having another attack ==significant change in behavior (avoid sit. where think attack could occur) |
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panic attack and agoraphobia
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diagnosed w/ or w/o agoraphobia (fear of open spaces)
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stats of panic disorder
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onset often acute: btw 25-29 yrs
75% female |
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what causes panic disorder?
bio explanation |
tendency to be neurobiologically over reactive to normal life (genetics)
biochemical abnormality: serotonergic/ noradrenagic systems neurobiology: loctus ceruleus (triggers SNS), amygdala (assigns emotional significance to events) |
biochemical abnormality
neurobiology |
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what causes panic disorder?
cognitive-behavioral explanation |
fear of fear
learning theory of panic: fear interoceptive/exteroceptive cues classical cond: tie physiological/envir experience w/ panic |
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What causes panic disorder?
cognitive theory |
catastrophizing-cognitively making a bigger deal out of something than is necessary (worry itself causes attack)
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treating panic disorder
bio therapy |
anti-anxiety meds (benzodiazapines)
anti-depressants (SSRI's) |
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treating panic disorder
cognitive-behavioral therapy |
exteroceptive exposure: appraoch external feared exp
and/or interocepetive exposure-appraoch physiological triggers: "biological challenge" procedures -correct misinterpretations of bodily sensations by exposing them to interoceptive cues that triggered them |
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specific phobia: DSM:IV:TR symptoms
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persistent fear that is excessive/unreasonable of a specific object/situation
-realizes the fear is unreasonable -exposure to feared object creates intense terror, making for avoidance of feared object/situation -causes impairment in daily functioning -duration of at least 6 months |
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subtypes of specific phobia
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animal
natural envir (thunderstorms, germs) blood-injection-injury (seeing blood, shots, being hurt in general) unique: when exposed to fear situation HR ^^, then drop causing fainting situational (heights, claustrophobia) atypical (everything else) |
animals
natural envir blood-injection-phobia situational atypical |
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what causes specific phobias?
behavioral explainations |
classical conditioning
vicarious classical conditioning: someone says you should fear X .. avoidance maintenance: through operant conditioning "rewards phobia" through classical conditioning |
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what causes specific phobias?
behavioral-evolutionary explanations |
species-specific bio predisposition to dev. certain fears
"preparedness" |
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treatments for specific phobias
behavioral therapy |
systematic desensitization
flooding modeling |
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