Psych 301 Test 3

Front 1

Instinct

Back 1

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Front 2

Drive-Reduction Theory

Back 2

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Front 3

Homeostasis

Back 3

a tendency to maintain a constant and balanced internal state;

Front 4

Incentive

Back 4

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Front 5

Hierarchy of Needs

Back 5

Maslow's pyramid of human needs beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then physiological needs become active

Front 6

Set Point

Back 6

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Front 7

Basal Metabolic Rate

Back 7

the body's resting rate of expenditure

Front 8

Sexual Response cycle

Back 8

the four stages of sexual response described by Masters and Johnson: 1. Excitement, 2. Plateau, 3. Orgasm, 4. Resolution

Front 9

Refractory Period

Back 9

a resting period after orgasm, in which a man cannot have another orgasm

Front 10

Sexual Disorder

Back 10

a problem that continually impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Front 11

Achievement Motivation

Back 11

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; attaining a high standard

Front 12

James Lange Theory

Back 12

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotional stimuli

Front 13

Cannon Bard Theory

Back 13

an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers 1. physiological responses and 2.The subjective experience of emotion

Front 14

Two-factor theory

Back 14

Schacter's theory that to experience emotion one must be physical aroused and able to cognitively label that arousal

Front 15

Catharsis

Back 15

emotional release

Front 16

Adaptation Level Phenomenon

Back 16

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds,of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Front 17

Stress

Back 17

process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors that appraise as threatening or challeneging

Front 18

Biofeedback

Back 18

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension

Front 19

Attribution Theory
Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 19

the theory that we tend to give a casual explanation for someone's behavior often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

Front 20

Foot in the Door Phenomenon

Back 20

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Front 21

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Back 21

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.

Front 22

Conformity

Back 22

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Front 23

Normative Social Influence

Back 23

influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Front 24

Information Social Influence

Back 24

influence resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality

Front 25

Social Facilitation

Back 25

improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not tasks that are difficult or not mastered

Front 26

Social Loafing

Back 26

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Front 27

Deindividuation

Back 27

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Front 28

Group Polarization

Back 28

the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion with a group

Front 29

Group think

Back 29

the mode of thinking that occurs wen the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Front 30

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 30

the more people around the less likely someone will help, Darley and Latane 68'

Front 31

Attitudes

Back 31

beliefs and feelings that predisposes one to repond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Front 32

Aggression

Back 32

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Front 33

Frustration-Aggression Principle

Back 33

frustration of an attempt to achieve some goals causes aggression