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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gregor Mendel
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Basic Laws of Heredity
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Dominant vs Recessive
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Dominant is expressed, recessive is present but not expressed.
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Phenotype vs. Genotype
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Phenotype is the physical appearance where genotype is the genetic make up
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Allele
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Each member of a pair of genes.
Dominant/Dominant = Homozygous Dominant/Recessive=Heterozygous |
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Genes
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codes for proteins
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Cell, Nucleus, Chromosome, Genes, Alleles, DNA
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Cells make up the body each with a nucleus
Nucleus where genetic material is stored Chromosome strings of molecules of genetic material. Where genes are |
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Hemophilia
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always carried on the X chromosome. For a female to have it, she must have both X's carrying the defective gene
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Sex Linked
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A gene is carried in the same chromosome that determines sex
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Heritability
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Refers to what proportion (0 to 1) of variability in a population phenotype is accounted for by variability in genotype.
h^2=Vg/Vp |
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Mutations
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The random unpredictive changes that can occur in genes. Can lead to new physical structures and behaviors. Provides Variation. Helps evolution progress faster, but doesn't determine the direction - only environment and natural selection determine the direction
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Synthetic Theory of Evolution
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Combining Darwin's view with survey of the total range of genetic variation within populations
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Gene Flow
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Breeding individuals from one geographic location to another
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Genetic Drift
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Chance factors to changes in a gene pool
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Gene ultimately affect behavior
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Genes enable the behavior to be performed through a long chain of biological processes. Genes tell the organism how to ultimately behave.
Combination of these genes make it difficult to study. |
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Interbreeding
Cross Fostering |
Mating brothers and sisters to study genes.
Study newborns not raised by mother |
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Selective Breeding and Hybridization
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Artificially selecting breeds then looking at the hybrids.
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Cooper and Zubek (1958) Selective breeding of maze ability in rats
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Bred the 'maze bright rats' with 'maze dull rats'. Found that it is a genetic component but environmental factors allowed them to perform better or poorer.
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Instinct properties:
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Typical of all members of the species
Difficult to modify during development Occur in complete form the first time performed Elicited by some simple environmental cue |
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Behavior is never the product of genes or environment alone
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Some environment must always be there having an effect even in a box!
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Bottleneck Effect
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when a population of animals loses many of its numbers by forces othere than natural selection.
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