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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Observational MEethods
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watching, listening, systematic recording, observing different individuals at different times, observations from different observers
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Animals that are difficult to observe and follow....
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Technology, flourescent paint.
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Experimental Method
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Manipulate the IV
Measure the DV Try to hold other factors constant Control and manipulation is maximized |
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Field Experiment advantages and disadvantages
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advantages - situation is as natural as possible
disadvantages - not as controlled as it could be in a lab |
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Correlational Studies
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Looks for measurable changes in animal behavior that are predictable from some other variable we can measure. NOT causal.
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Lifestyles of the Ungulate Species are determined by....
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Body Size
Dietary Requirements Predation Pressures |
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Comparative Method's main function
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How natural selection has experimented over evolutionary time to produce animals that are optimally adapted to their environments.
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Ecologists use Cost-Benefit Analysis
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They stress ecological validity and the way an animal behaves in the natural world. This method finds what the behavior costs the animal vs. what it gains the animal.
Example: Gulls removing their youngs shell gains less predation |
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Storytelling
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When researchers devise a highly attractive plausible sounding theory for behavior. BUT the hypothesis isn't confirmed with new info in a new setting.
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Tinbergen's research on the black-headed gull to avoid story-telling
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Tested it with shells and crows, then tested it in other species. Only the gull waits an hour before removing the shell.
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Functional causes of birdsong in Sparrow
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Reproduction
Identification Territorial Defense |
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Proximate Causes of birdsong in Sparrow
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testosterone levels regulating aggression
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Marler's study of birdsong in male sparrows using the method of isolation
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hatched eggs in sound proof room so they couldn't hear or learn their adults songs. They babble like babies first, then develop their own song. Concluded that it will copy another birds song if it is same species and similar song
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Critical Period vs. Sensitive Period
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Sparrows are most sensitive at a critical period, but are still influenced by social experiences in a long sensitive period.
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Animal Welfare vs. Animal Rights
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Welfare - interest in minimizing the pain and suffering of animals and maximizing concern for care.
Rights - animals have similar rights to humans and should be protected under law. |
