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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Advantages of Observational Learning=
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bypasses the dangers of hazardous errors, an entire series of responses can be acquired all at once, not every response has to be reinforced
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Tool usage in evolution=
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allows animals to develop generalized abilities rather than changing their physical morphology to suit a specific food.
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Observational learning is mainly ____.
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INNATE
ex. chicks at birth watched mechanical hen peck at orange or green grain. The chick then pecked at whatever grain color the hen did. |
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Other animals that use tools:
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otters, vulture (drops rocks on ostrich eggs to break), woodpecker (use sticks like chimps)
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Harlow's original hypothesis =
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primate monkey become attached or bonded to their monkeys because their mothers breast feed them.
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Why are animal studies on the effects of early experience important =
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we cannot experimentally study the effects of human development
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Contact Comfort=
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the need of physical touch for comfort. When something startled the infant monkey they ran to the terry cloth mother.
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Effect of isolation in infancy=
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drastic effects
just a few minutes each day with peers was enough to elicit normal social beaviors |
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Therapist monkeys =
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young non aggressive females that held and comforted the isolated peer and encouraged it to explore its environment giving it realistic feedback when its behavior was unacceptable.
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Motherless Mother Monkey's
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socially deprived females, when they became mothers were cruel to her infant.
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Anaclitic Depression:
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when infants are separated from their mothers, they become passive, sad, upet, tearful and depressed
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Harlow's Love Systems =
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infant love
peer love heterosexual love maternal love paternal love **ordered hierarchically. |
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Children that were abused vs harlows studies
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abused children had antisocial personalities. coincides with harlows studies
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Skeels study =
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Compared children who stayed in an orphanage and children who left to be mothered in an institution.
IQ's raised in mothered children, dropped in orphan children. |
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Why is it difficult to draw conclusions about play in animals?
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Because play depends on intentions and intentions are not always clear from behavior alone.
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Costs and Benefits of Play=
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Costs=loss of energy, exposure to predators, increases risk of injury
Benefits = healthy development of brain and nervous system, increase muscles, practice movements necessary for survival. |
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Rosenweig study=
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raised two groups of rats enriched and impoverished. Enriched brains weighed more, etc.
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Mirror recognition tasks in chimps =
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after 3 days, they start to investigate themselves. When red dye is applied they touch it as they watched in the mirror.
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Primates that show self directed behavior in front of mirror =
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chimps, bonobos and orangutans
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Alex the parrot
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acquired 70 label for objects colors shapes and actions.
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Wasserman study =
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categorized objects they saw on a screen by pecking one of four corresponding keys.
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