Psych 301 - Chapter 11

Front 1

Monogamy:

Back 1

one male and one female. mate with no one else

Front 2

serial monogamy:

Back 2

when each sex mates with only on mate per breeding season.

Front 3

Polygyny:

Back 3

males mate with several females
females do most of parenting

Front 4

polyandry:

Back 4

the female mates with several males
males do most of parenting

Front 5

promiscuity/polygyandry:

Back 5

both males and females mate several times with diff individuals during the breeding season

Front 6

polygamy:

Back 6

includes polygyny, polyandry and polygyandry

Front 7

ecological factors that increase the liklihood monogamy will prevail:

Back 7

1. when both parents are needed to raise the offspring
2. females are aggressive with other females
3. males have high density relative to other females
4. females are spread out and scarce

Front 8

Stages of Courtship and mating in lab rats:

Back 8

females genitalia emit an odor when ready
1)courtship behavior (male sniffs and chases female)
2)pursuit
3)mounting
4)lordosis (female adopts pattern in which the head and but are elevated, arched back and tail to side)
5)Intromissions: (insert penis 2-10 times for .25 sec each time followed by rapid dismount.
6) ejaculation
7)rest for 5 minutes before the next 7 intromissions

Front 9

Coolidge Effect:

Back 9

the ability of males to resume copulation with a new female and fertilize many females

Front 10

Monogamy is common in birds:

Back 10

both male and female are equally equipped to assist offspring once hatched. both are needed

Front 11

4 different forms of polygyny:

Back 11

Resource Defense
Female Harem
Male Dominance
Scramble Competition

Front 12

Resource Defense Polygyny:

Back 12

fitness of a female depends upon the quality of territory she resides in

may live solitary lives defended by male

Front 13

Female Harem Defense Polygyny:

Back 13

when females aggregate in areas typically for reasons other than territorial resources

male may defend a group of females from other males

Front 14

Male Dominance Polygyny:

Back 14

Females choose any males they want to mate with but they all tend to choose same one so males compete.

lek

Front 15

Scramble Competition Polygyny:

Back 15

males actively search for mates but dont engage in much overt contact or competition.

Front 16

Why may females stick together?

Back 16

vigilance
mutual defense
alarms

Front 17

Lack of male aggression in scramble comp due to:

Back 17

so many males and females gathering, it doesn't benefit to be territorial. or females are widely separated

Front 18

How does a male stickleback fish discourage competition? Attract a mate? parent?

Back 18

-Flashing the red spot on their underbellies discourages comp
-changes its upper half to blue-white color and doing zig zag dance to lead female in nest
-male does all the parenting

Front 19

Releaser in stickleback?

Back 19

each action by the male and female is the releaser for the next action in the courtship pattern

Front 20

Double Clutching:

Back 20

male defends territory, female lays clutch then the male fertilizes and incubates. then the female lays another clutch that she sits on.

Front 21

when can double clutching occur?

Back 21

when resources are abundant and when the parents are in a hurry to get their young to adulthood.

Front 22

How might polyandry evolved?

Back 22

females laying many clutches for many males.

Front 23

Promiscuity:

Back 23

used to describe multiple matings by both sexes where there are no pair bonds

Front 24

Polygyandry.

Back 24

combo of polygynous males and polyandrous females.
nonrandom choice of males by females and some parental care by potential male parents

Front 25

American Mink:

Back 25

males make journey in search of female mating with many and females mate with many males. Males don't parents

Front 26

Hedge sparrow or dunnock:

Back 26

polygynandry
males associate with females whose territories overlap with theirs. Males have 2 or more females in his territory. Females may have 2 males if her territory is within theirs
males may combine territories depending on how concentrated the food is.

Front 27

Why do Dunnock females sometimes seek out beta rather than alpha males?

Back 27

Males must help feed chicks w/whom they have mated with. Therefore alpha and beta would feed, also beta males destroy eggs that they didn't fertilize.