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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an essential component of inferential analysis? |
Standard normal distribution |
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What are the 2 types of distributions? |
Empirical and theoretical |
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What comprises an empirical distribution? |
Raw scores (normal curve) Z scores (standard normal curve) |
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When does an empirical distribution occur? |
When we know everything about the distribution |
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What do percentile ranks score an individual in terms of? |
In terms of everyone elses scores - ranks one value relative to other values - measure of physical location |
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When can u compare scores across different distributions? |
If both distributions r identical - if both distributions have same shape, mean and SD |
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What does the z score reflect? |
How much a score deviates from the mean |
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How do we define standard normal distribution? |
Raw score values transformed to standard scores |
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What is the shape of SND like? |
Normally distributed |
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How do we find a proportion for a p value less then .5? |
1 - p = new p and final z score reported is a negative |
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What is long run relative frequency? |
Priori probability, theoretical, analytic Possible successful outcomes/all possible outcomes flip coin 100 times, likely hood of tail? 50/100 |
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What is bayesian probability? |
adjusting pre-existing beliefs in light of evidence we collect |
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Posteriori probability? |
Empirical, relative freq - probability based on real data Probability of flipping of flipping coin, tails = 45 # of outcomes that met criteria/ total # of outcomes 45/100 probability of data given hypothesis |
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What is the most rare form of random sampling? |
Simple or true random sampling |
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What is the most common form of random sampling? |
Convienence sampling- people just show up |
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What is random sampling with restriction? |
To meet certain experimenter criteria - eg. 8 males and 6 females needed |
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What are the descriptive measures for a population called? |
Parameters and we use greek letters mean= mu SD= sigma |
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What are the descriptive measures for samples called? |
Statistics Roman letters are used Xbar for mean SD |
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What r the 3 distributions critical for hypothesis testing? |
population sampling distribution sample |
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what type of distribution of scores is a population? |
theoretical uses parameters |
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if our N increases what happens to our SD? |
small sd |
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if the population is empirical what would the sampling distribution be? |
empirical |
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What is the alternative hypothesis derived from? |
Theory, logical conclusion or practical experience |
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What does H1 define? |
Independent and dependent variables and expressed as directional or non direction |
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What is a directional H1? |
Specific prediction about how behavior will change - easier to support hypothesis |
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What is a non directional H1? |
States that change will occur but not in what direction - harder to find support for hypothesis |
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What does a null hypothesis suggest? |
That no systematic relationship exists btw Ps behavior and IV |
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What is a type 1 error? |
the risk u will make the wrong decision |
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When it is a Directional H1 what type of tail do we use? |
1 tail |
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When it is a non-directional H1 what type of tail do we use? |
2 tail |
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When do u retain H0? |
When the p(obs) is greater than the p(a) |
