Psych 300 - Chapter 13

Front 1

Alzheimer's disease

Back 1

condition characterized by memory loss, confusion, depression, restlessness, hallucinations, delusions, sleeplessness, and loss of appetite

Front 2

amnesia

Back 2

memory loss

Front 3

ampa receptor

Back 3

glutamate receptor that also responds to the drug a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)

Front 4

amyloid beta protein

Back 4

Buildup of this protein into plaques in the brain are associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Front 5

anterograde amnesia

Back 5

loss of memory for events that happened after brain damage

Front 6

associativity

Back 6

tendency for pairing a weak input with a stronger input to enhance the later effectiveness of the weaker input

Front 7

classical conditioning

Back 7

type of conditioning produced by the pairing of two stimuli, one of which evokes an automatic response

Front 8

conditioned response (CR)

Back 8

response evoked by a conditioned stimulus after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Front 9

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Back 9

stimulus that evokes a particular response only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Front 10

confabulation

Back 10

making up an answer to a question and then accepting the invented information as if it were a memory

Front 11

consolidation

Back 11

conversion of short-term memories into long-term memories and strengthening of those memories

Front 12

context learning

Back 12

remembering the detail and context of an event. Hippocampus is important here.

Front 13

cooperativity

Back 13

tendency for nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons to produce long-term potentiation much more effectively than stimulation by just one

Front 14

declarative memory

Back 14

memory that a person can state in words

Front 15

delayed matching-to-sample test

Back 15

task in which an animal sees a sample object and then after a delay must choose an object that matches the sample

Front 16

delayed nonmatiching to sample test

Back 16

task in which an animal sees a sample object and then after a delay must choose an object that matches the sample

Front 17

delayed response task

Back 17

assignment in which an animal must respond on the basis of a signal that it remembers but that is no longer present

Front 18

engram

Back 18

physical representation of what has been learned

Front 19

episodic memory

Back 19

memories of single events

Front 20

equipotentiality

Back 20

concept that all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning; that any part of the cortex can substitute for any other

Front 21

expicit memory

Back 21

deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory, detectable by direct testing such as asking a person to describe a past event

Front 22

habtuation

Back 22

decrease in response to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly and is accompanied by no change in other stimuli

Front 23

Hebbian synapse

Back 23

synapse that increases in effectiveness because of simultaneous activity in the presynaptic axon and the postsynaptic neuron

Front 24

implicit memory

Back 24

influence of recent experience on memory, even if one does not recognize that influence or realize that one is using memory at all

Front 25

Korsakoff's syndrome

Back 25

type of brain damage caused by thiamine defi ciency, characterized by apathy, confusion, and memory impairment

Front 26

lateral interpositus nucleus

Back 26

nucleus of the cerebellum that is critical for classical conditioning of the eye-blink response

Front 27

long term memory

Back 27

memory of an event that is not currently held in attention

Front 28

long term potentiation

Back 28

phenomenon that after one or more axons bombard a dendrite with a rapid series of stimuli, the synapses between those axons and the dendrite become more sensitive for minutes, days, or weeks

Front 29

mass action

Back 29

theory that the cortex works as a whole, and the more cortex the better

Front 30

Morris water maze task

Back 30

procedure in which a subject must fi nd his or her way to a slightly submerged platform that is not visible in murky water

Front 31

NMDA receptor

Back 31

glutamate receptor that also responds to the drug N-methyl-D-aspartate

Front 32

operant conditioning

Back 32

type of conditioning in which reinforcement or punishment changes the future probabilities of a given behavior

Front 33

plaque

Back 33

structures formed from degenerating neurons.

Front 34

procedural memory

Back 34

memory of motor skills

Front 35

punishment

Back 35

event that suppresses the frequency of the preceding response

Front 36

radial maze

Back 36

a subject must navigate a maze that has eight or more arms with a reinforcer at the end

Front 37

reinforcer

Back 37

event that increases the frequency of the preceding response

Front 38

retrograde amnesia

Back 38

loss of memory for events that occurred before brain damage

Front 39

retrograde transmitter

Back 39

transmitter, released by a postsynaptic cell under extensive stimulation, that travels back to the presynaptic cell to modify it

Front 40

semantic dementia

Back 40

loss of semantic memory (factual knowledge)

Front 41

sensitization

Back 41

increase in the response to mild stimuli as a result of previous exposure to more intense stimuli

Front 42

short-term memory

Back 42

memory of an event that just happened

Front 43

specificity

Back 43

property (found in long-term potentiation) that highly active synapses become strengthened but less active synapses do not

Front 44

tangle

Back 44

structures formed from degenerating structures within a neuronal body.

Front 45

tau

Back 45

part of the intracellular support structure of a neuron

Front 46

unconditioned response (UCR)

Back 46

response automatically evoked by an unconditioned stimulus

Front 47

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Back 47

stimulus that automatically evokes an unconditioned response

Front 48

working memory

Back 48

temporary storage of memories while we are working with them or attending to them