Psych 281 Chapter 5 Quiz

Front 1

transient memories

Back 1

short lasting temporary memories sometimes persisting for only a few seconds

Front 2

two types of transient memories

Back 2

-sensory memories: brief transient sensations of what you have just perceived when you have seen, heard, or tasted something.

-short term memory: maintains information temporarily through active rehearsal

Front 3

visual sensory memory

Back 3

temporary storage for information perceived by visual system

Front 4

iconic memory

Back 4

rapidly decaying visual sensory memory

Front 5

sperling's classic study of iconic memory

Back 5

presented people with visual array

then played 1 of 3 tones when array was removed

-a high tone indicated that participants were to report the first row of letters
-medium tone = middle row
-low tone = bottom row

participants able to remember 75% of letters

-->sperling interpreted this as meaning that people have a visual memory that persists for a very short period of time but includes all the items recently seen

Front 6

3 basic memory components of atkinson schiffrin model

Back 6

1. sensory memory
2. short term memory
3. long term memory

incoming info arrives in short term memory after passing through sensory memory. info in short term must be maintained by active rehearsal.

Front 7

how depth of processing affects long term storage

Back 7

the more actively you go about processing new info that more likely you are to remember it

Front 8

describe components of STM according to baddeley

Back 8

2 independent STM buffers:
-visio-spatial sketchpad: holds visual and spatial images for manipulation
-phonological loop: holds auditory memories and maintains them by means of internal speech rehearsal

3rd comonent
-central executive: monitors and manipulates both of these working memory buffers (includes adding and deleting from the items in the buffers, selecting among the items in order to guide behavior, retrieving info from LTM and transferring info from visio-spatial sketchpad/phonological loop to LTM)

Front 9

explain the concepts of maintenance and manipulation as they relate to central executive, viso-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop

Back 9

maintenance phonological loop: rehearsed in your mind

manipulation executive control: adding/removing/reordering items

Front 10

describe several ways in which the central executive is able to manipulate the content of the working memory

Back 10

updates working memory by receiving and evaluating sensory information, moving items into and retrieving them from LTM, and deciding which memories are needed for which tasks

Front 11

relationship between working memory and intelligence

Back 11

general intelligence is associated with a strong working memory

Front 12

common behavioral/cognitive consequences of frontal lobe damage

Back 12

-dysexecutive syndrome: disrupted ability to think and plan
-deficits in executive function and working memory
-impaired at tasks which tap short term memory span
-no longer guided by long-term goals or task specific constraints

Front 13

three main regions of the prefrontal cortex

Back 13

1. orbital prefrontal cortex
2. medial prefrontal cortex
3. lateral prefrontal cortex

Front 14

two subdivisions of lateral prefrontal cortex

Back 14

1. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
2. ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

Front 15

explain how research by petrides has provided support for baddeley's notion of independent buffers

Back 15

-findings indicate that ventrolateral PCF supports the encoding/retrieval of information (including rehearsal for maintenance) -->roles of visiospatial sketchpad and phonological loop

-dorsolateral PFC supports higher order executive control functions such as monitoring and manipulating stored information--> central executive

Front 16

explain the role of the DLPFC in holding info in the mind

Back 16

has a role in monitoring but NOT maintaining information

Front 17

describe lateralization of the prefrontal cortex as it relates to verbal and visiospatial working memory

Back 17

-language is left lateralized in the brain so frontal lobe patient with damage to left side is more likely to show deficits in verbal (as opposed to working memory)

-right lateralization in brain when dealing with spatial and perceptual processing

Front 18

describe the relationship between DLPFC and schizophrenia

Back 18

-impairs working memory
-DLPFC is dysfunctional
-impaired at visiospatial working memory tasks only when tasks involve manipulation or updating of info in working memory
-what is wrong with DLPFC? --> may be linked to deficits in dopamine processing

Front 19

explain how PFC dysfunction can contribute to the symptoms of ADHD

Back 19

-smaller PFC (region associated with spatial attention and working memory) difficulty paying attention, organizing time and planning