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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prejudice
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Evaluation of and/or feelings towards a group
(affect) |
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Discrimination
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Differential treatment due to group membership
(behavior) |
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Stereotype
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Generalized belief about a group that is seen as descriptive of all members of that group.
(cognition) |
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The 3 main things in this lecture are connected and can be ______ or ________
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positive or negative
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Benevolent sexism/racism
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Nicer, more subtle racism like women are more peaceful than men
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3 problems with benevolent racism
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Inaccurate
Justify negative stereotypes Judged more harshly for not meeting standards |
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Implicit prejudice
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Why might implicit and explicit prejudice not match?
Think back to Rudman… Possibly through culture What are the benefits of psychologists using these tests? If have implicit attitudes towards a group, can work to change them With motivation and ability, we can go back and correct them Social desirability demand (explicit) and unaware (explicit) What are the benefits of real people taking the tests? Distinct kind of attitude that predicts distinct behaviors Effortless, involuntary behaviors..like anxiety in an interracial interaction Motivation, ability to correct and understanding of others’ behaviors Can we change implicit prejudices? Yes |
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Affecting information processes
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They affect how we gain new information (our stereotypes and prejudices affect this..through schemas)…professor gay example
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A cold source of information
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something that arises from simply how we process information
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Outgroup homogeneity effect
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the tendency to assume there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than members of ingroups.
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Social categorization
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We categorize people into groups
Everybody does this-it is adaptive Helps us do things quickly and lets us predict and control future interactions |
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Why outgroup homogeneity effect happens
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Can retrieve lots of specific individuals and see variability among individuals…when dealing with out group, may not be able to call up so many individuals in your memory…may instead think of the group as a whole; as an abstract…individual differences get blurred…like availability heuristic, it is easier to bring up differences in ingroup members…also fewer opportunities to learn by spending more time with ingroup members..spending time with outgroup members is more supercial or maybe only in certain situations
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2 things that stereotypes as schemas do
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Influence interpretation of ambiguous behaviors
Influence memory Encoding More likely to code stereotype consistent behaviors and ignore stereotype inconsistent behaviors Organization Retrieval |
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Encoding with schema
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More likely to code stereotype consistent behaviors and ignore stereotype inconsistent behaviors…like guitar with picture
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organization with schema
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The way we group things…related traits easier to access
If think about a hospital, hospital related words are easier to access |
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retrieval with schema
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If only encoded certain things, will certainly affect what retrieve later
More likely to retrieve stereotype consistent details |
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hot sources processing
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serve some other motive besides efficient information processing
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2 cold sources of information
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social categorization and stereotype schemas
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Social identity theory
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Prejudice arises from the motive to self-enhance
Ingroup bias Treating your group better is like treating yourself better Outgroup derogation Doing this makes us feel good about ourselves Putting down outgroup member in psych experiment boosts own self esteem People who are low self esteem after a test, more likely to put down outgrup member |
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2 hot sources of stereotyping
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Social Identity Theory
Prejudices arises from the motive to self-enhance Ingroup bias Outgroup derogation Even with “minimal groups” Realistic Group Conflict Theory Competition for scarce resources will increase conflict among groups, resulting in prejudice and discrimination. physical, economic, conceptual |
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Realistic group conflict theory
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Competition for scarce resources will increase conflict among groups, resulting in prejudice and discrimination.
In situations with limited resources, more intergroup prejudice physical, economic, conceptual Food water land, money power, spiritual ownership |
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Minimal groups
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While it may be used for a variety of purposes, it is most well known as method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary and virtually meaningless distinctions between groups (e.g. the colour of their shirts)[2] can trigger a tendency to favour one's own group at the expense of others
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