Psych 280 Exam 1 Lecture 6

Front 1

appraisals

Back 1

decide what they are for..(appraisal is how we evaluate how something in our environment affects our goals)..how it affects our goals
If you appraise something as bad (not helpful for me), you might secondarily appraise it as something done by you (attribute cause to self)..might lead to specific cause of shame…if appraise neg, not blame or anything, sad because no ones fault

Front 2

mood

Back 2

a broad, long lasting general affective experience

Front 3

emotion

Back 3

They are different!
An emotion has a shorter duration than a mood (a mood is a broad, long lasting general affective experience)..emotion is a specific cause..mood you may not be able to put a finger on the ause

Front 4

Sympathetic

Back 4

prepares for action

Front 5

Parasympathetic

Back 5

brings you back down to rest..might feel arousal if something activates sympathetic

Front 6

2 factor theory of emotion

Back 6

states that emotion is a function of both cognitive factors and physiological arousal. According to the theory, "people search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label and interpret unexplained physiological arousal.


Feeling aroused gives you explanation and allows you to label
Participants brought into lab (told something on vision)…shot full of adrenaline..independent variable is get explanation or not..if in presence of someone angry, look to situation to anger..and vice versa..all emotions connected to general arousal..same arousal makes people angry or happy depending on situation..cognitive explanations of physiological arousal are key to emotions

Front 7

Emotion specificity by William James

Back 7

William James (1890)
Perceive physiological changes
Identify distinct patterns

Front 8

Core relational themes

Back 8

themes-the way we appraise situations is similar…the notion that someone or something has helped or thwarted goal and that appraisal gives rise to a particular emotion which is universal..construing something as my fault or unfair..leads to similar emotional expressions…are reactions to similar appraisals are universal..we appraise is universal

Front 9

What is universal

Back 9

Facial expressions
Cross-species (Darwin)
Cross-cultural (Ekman)
Not learned (Tracy)
“Core-relational themes”
Similar to secondary appraisal
Physiological responses

Front 10

Emotional accent

Back 10

the mode of expression (way physically express) can vary by culture

Front 11

Focal emotions

Back 11

Focal is most commonly felt, experienced, or expressed..shame/embarassment..more focal in interdependent..people from collectivist cultures and individualist cultures different…collectivist shame was more common only among participants who were sighted..blind participants equally likely..what is implication? ..focal emotions are learned!...Anger changes through cultures

Front 12

Display rules with power and emotions

Back 12

Emotions have evolutionary roots and depend on cultures..its not either or..its a matter of degree
Variation within culture too..people with different levels of power express emotions differently because of display rules (rules, sometimes implied, who should express certain emotions)..smiling is most basic non-verbal expression…when 2 people interacting with equal levels of power (or if one person had more power) smiled when happy..but if low power, smile when not happy sometimes…women tended to smile more also when not really feeling like it..works through awards or punishments..women showing pride were less likeable..opposite for men..good thing for men to express, not good for women

Front 13

Amae

Back 13

Some evidence of different emotions too (like Amae in Japan)-expectation that in loving relationship that you will be indulged like a child..even if do something wrong or inappropriate, youll get it..people not in japan incapable of feeling this?

Front 14

More stuff with display rules

Back 14

Display rules associated with high status including anger and pride..men showing pride is more attractive than women showing pride..people in high powered status are more encouraged to express emotions..anger and pride can increase status, social power, and dominance..smiling

Front 15

Complex judgments

Back 15

Feelings-as-information (Schwarz & Clore)
When we are looking to make complex judgments, use feelings as source of information..what is my evaluation of particular thing?
Evaluate complex target is influenced by your mood, not emotion (emotion specific)


Good moods or bad moods can affect your cognition..your mood can affect complex judgments …
Affects on complex judgment (weighing much information)…as opposed to “how tall is person”
Complex jugdgments affect by moon

Front 16

Feelings as information with weather

Back 16

Weather put them in mood that made the feel a certain way about their whole lives..misattributed to whatever evaluating..in this case, life
When sad and gray, less satisfied with lives….moods affect judgment as long as not consciously attributing feelings to mood

Front 17

Cognitive effects of mood

Back 17

Mood affects processing style “S” ‘H”
People in a good mood use top down processing
In bad mood is bottom up processing (saying the H words within)

Bottom up is individual details and building conclusion from that

Two explanations for this:
Mood maintenance model (thinking hard is a bummer..want to maintain good mood, and looking for every piece of information is a drag)
Feelings as information (if feeling good, want to go with gut)

People in good moods also think more creatively
People in bad mood makes you less likely to stereotype (like individual things as person)..mood has cognitive consequences on kinds of judgment make and processing style and such