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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality psych difference
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More interested in one is inside of you, driving your behavior
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Sociology difference
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Look more at groups..in the aggregate
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Cog psych difference
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Without the social context
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Norman Triplett and first experiment
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This is an overstatement that first experiment (others doing work before him, but his was the first rigorous, carefully designed experiment that was publish on social psych topic)
When bicyclists in a group, went faster than cycling alone…tested children with using this machine Kids did in a group faster than alone “Social facilitation”-20 kids did better, 10 did worse, 10 did equally well |
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Early Years (1897-1924)
Person and textbook |
Norman Triplett
Textbooks (Allport, 1924 best) Will McDougall (more biological) Edward Ross (although with groups, sociology Allpost was really the first one The experimental study of social behavior, in which the responses either serve as social stimuli or are evoked by socials stimuli |
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Rapid Expansion Years (1925-1965)
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WWII
Authoritarian personality, conformity/obedience, persuasion, prejudice, aggression, etc. Topics to understand during WWII Emigration to US from Germany..then helped with US war effort Kurt Lewin’s Field Theory |
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Lewin's field theory
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behavior is a function of the field of forces in which we find ourselves
a psychological theory which examines patterns of interaction between the individual and the total field, or environment. The concept was developed by Kurt Lewin, a Gestalt psychologist, in the 1940s and 1950s. Field theory holds that behavior must be derived from a totality of coexisting facts. These coexisting facts make up a "dynamic field", which means that the state of any part of the field depends on every other part of it. Behavior depends on the present field rather than on the past or the future. |
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Lewin's interactionist perspective
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B = F(P*E)
Fancy way of saying: Behavior is a function of the person interacting with their environment People might interact with their situation slightly differently |
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Crisis years (66-80) in social psych
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People weren’t really talking to each other..doing so many things at once
Talked for no consistency/unification Dispersion Underlying theory? Deception Not ethical..not really fair to lie to people People trying to guess your hypothesis could be completely off and throws off stuff Will start to annoy people/lost trust Erode trust Generalizability Applying to real world conditions Would these behaviors be elicited in anywhere else besides the lab? Criticized for not enough attention to generalizability |
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1981 to present in social psych
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Current Developments (1981-present)
Social cognition Humans rational Emotion and motivation Motivation thought to not be able to be studied and internal We know now that people’s motives affect their construals and such Feminist, multiethnic, multicultural considerations Distal influences Distal: far removed from you Proximal: right in face Evolution Culture Social neuroscience Cacioppo, Berntson, & Decety (2010) Article for today’s class! |
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Caciopo et al. take home point
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Middle ground between biology and psychology
Not just the brain, but also look at the environment If we want to understand human behavior, we have to use multilevel analysis..can’t just look at behavior, self-report, or the brain, alone..need to look at everything! |
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3 guidelines of social neuroscience
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multiple determinism
nonadditive determinism reciprocal determinism |
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Multiple determinism
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Family raised in, economic background, religion, stands on issue
Here are biological causes..don’t need to know specific of these studies..just clear example of principles..looking at gray matter..people’s self report attitudes as more liberal or conservative is correlated with the size of different gray structure..liberal people have bigger interior cingulate (more gray matter in that area) (part of brain is adjusting behavior to fit more contexts)..conservatives have more gray matter in right amygdala (sensitivity to threat in the environment)..looking at brain scans can make people predict 72 percent of peoples’ political affiliations |
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Nonaddictive determinism
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Can’t predict the whole from any one of the parts..whole may be greater or different than sum of parts..brain differences might predict political differences differently on social or political factors..some people have genetic dispositions to seek out novelty..people also have different amounts of friends coming up..maybe different exposure to different viewpoints (more people to disagree with)..the paper found that the number of friends you had did not predict political attitude..the gene for novelty did not predict..but combined did predict..more friends with more experiences predicted attitudes..have to combine social and biology both!
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Reciprocal determinism
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Are brains change, create new connections, disintegrate new connections..practice shapes are brains..behaviors and patterns of thinking can affect the size of different regions of your brains..the biology may cause the social outcome..or the social outcome may shape the biology, or both simultaneously
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5 social themes
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underestimate strong situations
When starting WWII research..something about these people that had them fall victim to propaganda..surprising that regular people could go bad construct their social worlds If you walk down diag, smiling, how will people react? How will determine how they respond to you..behaviors shape social interactions Thoughts, motives and beliefs also shape how we see things process information in the most efficient way possible People want to be accurate but as efficiently as possible We can do a whole lot of stuff on autopilot, but it is imperfect and we make mistakes want to view themselves positively Everyone thinks they are better than average at xyz need to feel connected to others Explain applies to lots and lots of behaviors |
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5 core motives (bucket)
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Belonging
Understanding Control (k) Enhancing (the self) Trusting |
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Themes definition
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facts about the state of the world (observations of how things tend to happen over and over again)
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Motives definition
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goals that all humans share (might be driving that carry behaviors over observations)
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