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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plato's theory of development
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kids are born w/ conceptual knowledge
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Aristotl's theory of develpment
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knowledge arises from experience
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Rosseau's theory
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innate justice and morality
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Locke's theory
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tabula rasa
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study of developmental psych was effected by what
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social reform, theory of evolution
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who had biological-maturational theory? ethological?
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gesell, lorenz
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who had psychodynamic-psychosexual? psychosocial?
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freud, erikson
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who had learning-classical conditioning theory? operant conditioning? social cognitive?
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watson, skinner, bandura
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who had cognitive-developmental theory?
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piaget
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who had contextual theory?
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vygotsky
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nature vs. nurture?
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nature - genes from parents nurture - social and physical environment
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do children learn actively or passively?
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active - what kids pay attention to, talk about and play with affects their learning
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four main contexts for gathering data?
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systematic observation, sampling behaviour w/ tasks, self-reports, physiological measures
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what is interrater reliability?
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do different raters who observe the same behaviour classify it the same way
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what is test-retest reliability?
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are the scores that kids receive on the measure stable over time
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what is internal validity
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can effects within the experiment be attributed to variables that the researcher manipulated
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what is external validity
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how widely can the findings be generalized
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what is a correlational design?
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investigator obtains info on participants w/o altering their experiences
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what is a field experiment
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randomly assign people to treatment conditions in natural settings
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what is a natural or quasi experiment?
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investigator compares already existing treatments in the real world (camp kids)
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what are longitudinal, microgenetic, and cross-sectional studies?
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long period of time, short period, kids of different ages
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what is a sequential study
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combines longitudinal and cross-sectional
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what are some sex chromosome abnormalities?
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xyy, xxx, xxy (kleinfelters), x0 (turners), fragile x
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what is heritability
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the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals
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what were early ideas of prenatal development
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humunculus, preformationism - just have to grow, aristotle proposed epigenesis
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what/when are the periods of prenatal development?
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zygote - conception-2 weeks, embryo - 3 weeks-8 weeks, fetus - 9th week-birth
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what are the layers of the embryo
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ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
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what is the fetal sensory experience
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tactile stimulation, taste amniotic fluid, see some light coming through, hear others talking
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what are teratogens
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anything that has an adverse effect on environment, usually only a problem if exposure occurs during sensitive period (week 3-8 is greatest risk, organogenesis)
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what is fetal alcohol syndrome
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facial deformities, mental retardation, adhd, interferes w/ cell duplication/migration, lots of o2 needed to metabolize alcohol
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what are examples of teratogens
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smoking, alcohol, stress, occupation, drugs, age, disease, environment
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what are the states of the newborn
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crying, active sleep, quiet sleep, drowsing, alert awake, active awake
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what are the reflexes found in newborns
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babinski, moro, palmar, rooting, stepping, withdrawing, sucking, blink
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what are the stages of brain development
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3/4 weeks - neural tube cells develop, neurogenesis, 18th week - synaptogenesis (migration, growth, differentiation, myelination)
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what is plasticity
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capability of brain to be affected by experience-less plastic as we get older
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why is experience important in brain development
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synapses grow in expectation of experiences, if they don't get them, they die off ex. rats w/ complex environments
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when are the best/worst times for brain damage
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worst - prenatal, first year, best- early childhood
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what is visual acuity
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Smallest pattern reliably distinguished, same as adults around 8 months
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when do infants change in their ability to distinguish faces
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6 mo - monkey and human, 9 mo - human
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