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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neurons
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building blocks of our nervous system
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Sensory Neurons
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neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
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Motor neurons
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neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
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Interneurons
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neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
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Dendrite
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The bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
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Axon
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The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
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Myelin sheath
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a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons, enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next
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Action potential
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a neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
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Threshold
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The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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Synapse
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the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite/cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap
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Neurotransmitters
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Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps b/w neurons. when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.
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Reuptake
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a neurotrasmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
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Acetylcholine: ACh
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Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
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Dopamine
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Influences movement, learning, attention and emotion
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Seratonin
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Affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal
Undersupply- depression |
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Norepinephrine
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Helps control alertness and arousal
Undersupply- depression |
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GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
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A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Undersupply- seizures, tremors and insomnia |
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Glutamate
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A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
oversupply- overstimulate brain, migraines or seizures |
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Endorphins
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The "morphine within" Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
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Nervous system
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the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
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Central Nervous system
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the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system
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The sensory and motor neruons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
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nerves
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bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands and sense organs
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Somatic nervous system
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the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
aka: skeletal nervous system |
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Autonomic nervous system
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The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as heart). it's sympatheric division arouses; it's parasympathetic division calms
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Sympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
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reflex
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a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee jerk response
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Endocrine system
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The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
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hormones
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chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
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Adrenal glands
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a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norephinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress
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Pituitary gland
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the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
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