Psych 233 Final Test (Maggie)

Front 1

Women are more prone to declining height due to __________.

Back 1

Osteoporosis

Front 2

__________: a condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin.

Back 2

osteoporosis

Front 3

A nearly universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood is the LOSS OF NEAR VISION, is call ___________.

Back 3

Presbyopia

Front 4

Sometimes changes in vision are brought on by a disease called __________.

Back 4

Glaucoma

Front 5

___________: a condition where pressure in the fluid of the eye increases, either bc the fluid cannot drain properly or bc too much fluid is produced.

Back 5

glaucoma

Front 6

The primary sort of loss is for sounds of high frequency, a problem called __________.

Back 6

Presbycusis

Front 7

______________: starting about age 45, women enter a period, the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so.

Back 7

Female Climacteric

Front 8

__________: the cessation of menstruation.

Back 8

menopause

Front 9

_____________________: which is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency toward frustration and hostility, are more susceptible to heart disease.

Back 9

Type A behavior pattern

Front 10

____________________: which is characterized by noncompetitiveness, patience, and a lack of aggresion, have less than half the risk of coronary disease that Type A people have.

Back 10

Type B behavior pattern.

Front 11

many researchers believe there are 2 kinds of intlligence what are they?

Back 11

fluid, and crystallized intelligence

Front 12

______________ is the ability to deal with new problems and situations.

Back 12

Fluid Intelligence

Front 13

____________ includes inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, perceptual speed, and verbal memory.

Back 13

fluid intelligence

Front 14

________ doesn't decline with age.

Back 14

fluid intelligence.

Front 15

________________ is the store of information, skills, and stratergies that people have gained thru education and prior experiences, and thru their previous use of fluid intelligence.

Back 15

crystallized intelligence

Front 16

______________ include numerical and verbal abilities, such as solving a crossword puzzel or a mathematical problem.

Back 16

crystallized intelligence

Front 17

________________ holds steady or increases with age.

Back 17

crystallized intelligence.

Front 18

memory is veiwed in terms of 3 sequential components what are they?

Back 18

sensory, short-term, and Long-term memory

Front 19

___________: is an initial, momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant.

Back 19

sensory memory

Front 20

____________: holds information for 15 to 25 seconds.

Back 20

short-term memory

Front 21

_______________: holds information that is rehearsed for a relatively permanent time.

Back 21

long-term memory

Front 22

________, ________ _________ have NO decline in middle age, and ________ __________ has some decline in middle age.

Back 22

Sensory, and short-term memory, long-term memory.

Front 23

___________: are formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it more likely to be remembered.

Back 23

Mnemonics

Front 24

mnemonics have 4 strategies what are they?

Back 24

get organized, pay attention, visualize, and rehearsal

Front 25

____________________: which veiws personality development in terms of fairly univeral stages, tied to a sequence of age-related crises.

Back 25

Normative-crisis model

Front 26

________________________: which suggest that the timing of particular events in an adult's life than age per se.

Back 26

life events models

Front 27

_______________________: dtermine the course of personality development.

Back 27

life events models

Front 28

_________________________: where people consider their contributions to family, community, work, and society.

Back 28

Generativity versus stagnation

Front 29

btw 40 and 45 people move into a peroid Levinson calls the _________________.

Back 29

midlife transition

Front 30

_______________: a stage of uncertainty and indecison brought about by the realization that life is finite.

Back 30

Midlife crisis

Front 31

what are the "Big Five" model of personality?

Back 31

Openness, Conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

Front 32

_________- close mindedness

Back 32

openness

Front 33

__________- undirectedness

Back 33

conscientiousness

Front 34

____________- Introversion

Back 34

Extraversion

Front 35

____________- Antagonism

Back 35

Agreeableness

Front 36

___________- Emotional stability

Back 36

Neuroticism

Front 37

____________: when parents have feelings of unhappiness, worry, loneliness, and depression due to their children's departure from home.

Back 37

empty nest syndrome

Front 38

There has been an increase in the number of young adults who come back to live in the homes of their middle-ages parents, a phenomenon called _______________.

Back 38

Boomerang Children

Front 39

_________________: bc they must fulfill the needs of both their children and their aging parents.

Back 39

Sandwich generation

Front 40

__________ grandparents are actively engaged in grandparenting and have influence over their grandchildren's lives.

Back 40

involved

Front 41

_______ grandparents are more relaxed, and act as supporters and buddies to their grandchildren.

Back 41

companionate

Front 42

_______ grandparents are detached and distant, and show little interest in their grandchildren.

Back 42

Remote

Front 43

_____________________, abuse and neglecct of children leads them to be predisposed to abusiveness as adults.

Back 43

Cycle of Violence hypothesis

Front 44

__________, which occurs when highly trained professionals experience dissatifaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from their jobs.

Back 44

Burnout

Front 45

some researchers group people according to their funtional age. What are they?

Back 45

young old, old old, and oldest old.

Front 46

the ______________ are heallthy and active

Back 46

young old

Front 47

the ______________ have some health problems and difficulties

Back 47

old old

Front 48

the _______________ are frail and need care

Back 48

oldest old

Front 49

_____________, or senescence, is aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that, due to genetic programming, occur as people get older.

Back 49

primary aging

Front 50

___________________, is changes in physical and cognitive functioning that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual diffrences, but which are not due to increasing age itself and are not inevitable.

Back 50

secondary aging

Front 51

________________, a condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and then, often brought about by a reduciton in production of estrogen.

Back 51

osteoporosis

Front 52

_____________ is largely preventable with sufficient calcium and excercise.

Back 52

osteoporosis

Front 53

_________________________ suggests that overall processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system.

Back 53

peripheral slowing hypothesis

Front 54

_________________________ is the theory that processing in all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, is less efficient.

Back 54

generalized slowing hypothesis

Front 55

__________, cloudy or opaque areas of the lens of the eye that interfere with passing light, frequently develop.

Back 55

cataracts

Front 56

_______________ is the most common cause of blindness in people over the age of 60.

Back 56

macular degeneration

Front 57

________________, affects the macula, a yellowish area of the eye located near the retina at which visual perception is most acute..

Back 57

age-related macular degeneration

Front 58

_____________, a broad category covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompaned by declines in other mental functioning.

Back 58

dementia

Front 59

__________________, which is a progressive brain disorder that produces loss of memory and confusion.

Back 59

Alzheimer's disease.

Front 60

________________________ suggest that our body's DNA genetic code contains a built-in time limit for the reproduction of human cells.

Back 60

Genetic preprogramming theories of aging

Front 61

________________________ argue that the mechanical functions of the body simply wear out with age.

Back 61

wear-and-tear theories of aging

Front 62

_____________________, the average age of death for members of a population, has been steadily increasing.

Back 62

life expectancy

Front 63

___________, or modifiability of behavior, suggests that there is nothing fixed about the changes that may occur in intellectual abilities during late adulthood.

Back 63

plasticity.

Front 64

_________________, memories of information about one's own life.

Back 64

autobiographical memory

Front 65

__________________: in which pleasant memories are more likely to be recalled than unpleasent memories.

Back 65

Pollyanna principle

Front 66

_________________________: is the process of looking back over one's life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with it.

Back 66

Ego-Integrity-versus-despair

Front 67

Peck suggests that the elderly face 3 major developmental tasks. What are they?

Back 67

redefiniton of self versus preoccupation with work-role, body transcendence versus body preoccupation, and Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation

Front 68

_________________________ which means that those in old age must redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to their work-roles or ccupations.

Back 68

redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work-role.

Front 69

_________________________ a period in which people must learn to cope with and move beyond changes in physical capabilities as a result of aging

Back 69

body transcendence versus body preoccupation.

Front 70

_________________________ in which the elderly must come to grips with their coming death.

Back 70

Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation.

Front 71

_________________________ are unable to accempt aging, and experience despair as they get older, often ending up in nursing homes or hospitalized.

Back 71

disintegrated and disorganized personalities.

Front 72

_______________________ lead lives filleds with fear or falling ill, fear of the future, fear of their own inability to cope.

Back 72

passive-dependent personalitites.

Front 73

___________________ cope comfortably with aging and accept becoming older with a sense of dignity.

Back 73

intergrated personalities.

Front 74

______________, where people examine and evaluate their lives.

Back 74

life review

Front 75

__________________, the period in late adulthood that marks a gradual withdrawl from the world on physical, psychological, and social levels, people withdraw from the world and the world compels the elderly to withdraw.

Back 75

disengagement theroy

Front 76

___________________, successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests, activities, and social interactions with which they were involved during middle age.

Back 76

activity theroy

Front 77

_____________________ suggests that people simply need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem.

Back 77

continuity theory

Front 78

________________________, where people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas.

Back 78

selective optimization

Front 79

According to Atchley, people pass thru stages in the process of retirement, What are they?

Back 79

honeymood period, disenchantment, reorientation, retirement routine, and termination

Front 80

_________________, in which former workers engage in a variety of activities, such as travel, that were previously hindered by full-time work.

Back 80

honeymoon period

Front 81

________________is the stage where retirees reconsider their options and become engaged in new, more fulfilling activities.

Back 81

reorientation

Front 82

________________ may occur when retirees conclude that retirement is not all they thought it would be.

Back 82

disenchantment

Front 83

a _____________________ stage occurs when retirees come to grips with the realities of retirement and feel fulfilled in this new phase of life

Back 83

retirement routine

Front 84

______________ where the retiree either goes back to work or health deteriorates so badly that the person can no longer function independently.

Back 84

termination

Front 85

According to Heinemann & Evans, the adjustment to widowhood occurs in three stages. Wat are they?

Back 85

preparation, grief and mourning, and adaptation.

Front 86

__________, spouses prepare for the eventual death of the partner.

Back 86

preparation

Front 87

_______ & __________, is the reaction to the death of a spouse.

Back 87

grief and mourning.

Front 88

_________, where the widowed individual starts a new life.

Back 88

adaptation

Front 89

_________________, assistance and comfort supplied by another person or a network of caring, interested people.

Back 89

social support

Front 90

Identify each of the roles in a change process and describe the responsibility of each.

Back 90

During the change process, people usually fill 3 roles.

Change sponsor - is individual responsible for initiating the change and supervising it through each of the three processes.

Change Agent - is the individual respondsible for implementing change within a specific group.

Change Target - individual undergoing the change.

Front 91

________________ is the absence of a heartbeat and breathing.

Back 91

functional death

Front 92

_______________, were brain activity is measured, has become the medical measure of death.

Back 92

brain death

Front 93

The cause of death in infant, childhood, and adolescents is?

Back 93

accidents

Front 94

the most common cause of death in middle-aged adults is ?

Back 94

life-threatening disease

Front 95

the most common cause of death in older adults is ?

Back 95

cancer, stroke, and heart disease.

Front 96

______________ Impending death is sometimes accompanied by acceleration of declines in cognitive functioning

Back 96

terminal decline.

Front 97

what are the 5 stages of coping with death?

Back 97

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Front 98

_________ is resisting the whole idea of death

Back 98

denial

Front 99

_______ is a form of defense mechanism to allow one to absorb difficult information at one's own pace.

Back 99

denial

Front 100

_________ in this stage people may be very difficult to be around.

Back 100

anger

Front 101

___________ at this stage individuals are trying to mefotiate their way out of the death.

Back 101

bargaining

Front 102

_____________: the individual at this stage is overwhelmed by a deep sense of loss.

Back 102

Depression

Front 103

_______________ is a type of depression based on what has already occurred, such as loss of dignity, health, etc..

Back 103

reactive depression

Front 104

_____________ is the anticipation of future losses, such as the loss of a relationship.

Back 104

preparatory depression

Front 105

____________: in this stage individuals near death make peace with death and may want to be left alone.

Back 105

Acceptance

Front 106

_____________, the practice of assisting terminally ill people to die more quickly.

Back 106

euthanasia

Front 107

_________________ invloves removing respirators or other medical equipment that may be sustaining life.

Back 107

passive euthanasia

Front 108

_________________ is where caregivers or medical staff act to end a person's life before death would normally occur.

Back 108

Voluntary active euthanasia

Front 109

_____________, an alternative to the hospital, people stay in their homes and receive comfort and treatment from their families and visiting medical staff.

Back 109

home care

Front 110

____________, is care provided for the dying in institutions devoted to those who are terminally ill.

Back 110

hospice care

Front 111

____________ is the acknowledgment of the objective fact that one has experienced a death.

Back 111

bereavement

Front 112

_______ is the emotional response to that loss.

Back 112

grief

Front 113

there are some general stages people go thru in adjusting to loss. what are they?

Back 113

1st stage: shock, denial, and numbness
2nd stage: begin to face the death
3rd stage: accommodation stage

Front 114

_____, ______, & __________, allow a person to fcn in coping wtih death.

Back 114

shock, denial, and numbness

Front 115

in the second stage, people begain to _____________ and fully realize the extent of their loss.

Back 115

face the death.

Front 116

Finally, people reach an ______________ where they pick up the pieces of their lives and move on.

Back 116

accommodation stage.