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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is sensation? |
The process by which sense organs gather information from the environment. |
The process by which ___ ___ gather ___ from the ___. |
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What does sensation require, and what can they do? |
Sensation requires sensory receptions, which can detect (quality and quantity) and discriminate. |
Sensation requires ___ ___, which can ___ (___ and ___) and ___. |
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What happens during sensation? |
A dimension of the physical world is translated into neuronal code and then conducted to the brain. |
A dimension of the physical world is ___ into ___ ___ and then ___ to the ___. |
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What is perception? |
Perception is when the brain organizes and interprets sensations. It makes sensory information stable, meaningful and coherent. |
Perception is when the brain ___ and ___ ___. It makes ___ ___ ___, ___, and ___. |
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What is perception influenced by? |
Perception is influenced by prior knowledge and experience. |
Perception is influenced by ___ ___ and ___. |
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What is the line between perception and sensation? |
There is none; it is more of a continuum. |
There is ___; it is more of a ___. |
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What do we see? |
A distorted and upside-down 2-D retinal image that is transformed into the 3-D world we perceive. |
A ___ and ___-___ _-_ ___ __ that is ___ into the _-_ ___ we ___. |
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What types of research are needed to study vision? |
Research probing the components of the visual system. Research assessing what we see. |
Research ___ the ___ of the ___ ___. Research ___ what we ___. |
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Can anything see in the dark? In what range do humans see? |
No species can see in the dark (but some are capable of seeing when there is little light). Humans see light between 380-760 nanometers. |
___ ___ can see in the dark (but some are ___ of ___ when there is ___ ___). Humans see light between ___-___ ____. |
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What is wavelength? |
Wavelength is perception of colour. |
Wavelength is ___ of ___. |
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What is intensity? |
Intensity is perception of brightness. |
Intensity is ___ of ____. |
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Where does light enter the eye, and what happens when that occurs? |
Light enters the eyes through the pupil, whose size changes in response to changes in illumination. |
Light enters the eyes through the ___, whose ___ ___ in response to ___ in ___. |
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What is sensitivity? |
Sensitivity is the ability to see when light is dim (large pupil). |
Sensitivity is the ___ to ___ when ___ is ___ (___ ___). |
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What is acuity? |
Acuity is the ability to see details (small pupil). |
Acuity is the ___ to ___ ___ (___ ___). |
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What does the lens do, and how does it do it? |
The lens focuses light on the retina. Ciliary muscles alter the shape of the lens as needed. |
The lens ___ ___ on the ___. ___ ___ __ the ___ of the ___ as ___ |
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What is accommodation? |
Accommodation is the process of adjusting the lens to bring images into focus. |
Accommodation is the process of ___ the ___ to ___ ___ ___ ___. |
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How is the retina organized? What is its pathway, and what type of communication occurs here? |
The retina is, in a sense, inside-out. Light passes through several cell layers before reaching its receptors. It contains a vertical pathway and lateral communication. |
The retina is, in a sense, ___-___. ___ ___ through ___ ___ __ before ___ its ___. It contains a ___ ___ and ___ ___ occurs here. |
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What is the vertical pathway of the retina? |
Receptors (rods/cones) > bipolar cells > retinal ganglion cells. |
___ (___/___) > ___ ___ > ___ __ ___. |
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What undertakes lateral communication in the retina? What is it also called? |
Horizontal cells and amacrine cells undertake lateral communication, aka refinement. |
___ ___ and ___ ___ undertake lateral communication, aka ___. |
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What is the blindspot and where is it? |
The blindspot is a place in the retina with no receptors. |
The blindspot is a place in the ___ with ___ ___. |
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How can we 'see' in the blindspot? |
The visual system uses info from cells around the blindspot for 'completion', filling in the blindspot. |
The visual system uses ___ from ___ ___ the ___ for '___', ___ in the ___. |
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What is the fovea and where is it located? |
The fovea is a high-acuity area at the center of the retina. |
The fovea is a ___-___ ___ at the ___of the ___. |
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How does the fovea occur? |
The fovea occurs due to thinning of the ganglion cell layer, which reduces distortion due to cells between pupil and retina. |
The fovea occurs due to ___ of he ___ ___ ___, which ___ ___ due to ___ ___ ___ and ___. |
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What is the duplexity theory of vision? |
The duplexity theory of vision says that cones and rods mediate different kinds of vision. |
The duplexity theory of vision says that ___ and ___ ___ ___ ___ of ___. |
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What are cones? |
Cones are for photopic (daytime) vision. They give high-acuity colour information in good lighting. |
Cones are for ___ (___) vision. They give ___-___ ___ ___ in ___ ___. |
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What are rods? |
Rods are for scotopic (nighttime) vision. They are high-sensitive, allowing for low-acuity vision in dim light, which lacks detail and colour info. |
Rods are for ___ (___) vision. They are ___-___, ___ for ___-___ ___ in ___ __, which ___ ___ and ____ ___. |
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What type of receptor is found at the fovea? |
Only cones are found at the fovea. |
Only ___ are found at the fovea. |
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What is there more of in the rod system, and what does that produce? |
There is more convergence in the rod system, increasing sensitivity while decreasing acuity. |
There is more ___ in the rod system, ___ ___ while ___ ___. |
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What are saccades? What is done with them? |
Saccades are small and quick eye movements that we continually scan the world with. These bits of info are then integrated. |
Saccades are ___ and ___ ___ ___ that we ___ ___ the ___ with. These ___ of ___ are then ____. |
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What does the visual system respond to? What happens when we stabilize the retinal image? |
The visual system responses to change. When the retinal image is stabilized, we see nothing. |
The visual system responses to ___. When the retinal image is stabilized, we __ ___. |
