Psych 213 Psychology Of Exceptional Children Set Vi

Front 1

________________________________ represent the most extreme forms of emotional and behavioural disorders seen in children.

Back 1

Childhood psychoses and infantile autism

Front 2

Children with pervasive developmental disorders have conditions that are __________________________.

Back 2

Chronic and lifelong. These individuals are developmentally disabled.

Front 3

Autism Spectrum Disorders— The major categories are ______________________________.

Back 3

Autism and Asperger’s syndrome.

Front 4

When children display some autistic characteristics but do not meet all criteria for autism, they may be classified as having _______________________________.

Back 4

pervasive developmental disorders, not otherwise specified (PPP-NOS)

Front 5

Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit a wide variety of symptoms including __________________________.

Back 5

sudden mood changes, delusions, and hallucinations

Front 6

______________ are serious mental disorders; the individuals affected lose touch with reality.

Back 6

Disintegrative Psychoses

Front 7

What is the onset of autism?

Back 7

before 30 months

Front 8

Youngsters who are autistic may generally be characterized as _______________.

Back 8

non-verbal and non-relating

Front 9

Why is the preferred terminology "Autism Spectrum Disorders"?

Back 9

There are degrees of autism and other children with disabilities may demonstrate patterns of autistic behaviour without the full syndrome.

Front 10

Infantile autism is ______ frequent than childhood schizophrenia.

Back 10

less

Front 11

In the autistic population, rates of additional disabilities are _____ and more _____ than ______ are diagnosed with the disorder.

Back 11

high; more boys than girls

Front 12

Recent research points to _________ as the major cause of childhood psychoses and infantile autism.

Back 12

Biological factors: Evidence exists that genetics, fetal complications, biochemical disturbances, and central nervous system damage may be precursors of autism.

Front 13

1943 - first to identify autism in chldren. Characterized these children as withdrawn and showing an obsessive desire for sameness. Found the parents to be highly intelligent, unusual achievers, emotionally cold, aloof, and reserved, which led later researchers to interpret children's autistic behaviour in terms of lack of adequate parenting.

Back 13

Leo Kanner

Front 14

Characteristics of autistic children

Back 14

extreme aloneness from infancy, do not respond to other humans, do not begin to establish relationships, aversion to physical contact, repetitive and ritualistic play, self-stimulation, self-destructive behaviour; do not develop attachments to people but do become strongly attached to inanimate objects

Front 15

Physical and Motor Development in autistic children

Back 15

"tend to be healthier than other children with pervasive disorders, show grace and dexterity BUT basic self-help skills and toilet training are often very difficult to develop in such children.

Front 16

Cognitive development in autistic children

Back 16

often score poorly in cognitive functioning; large proportion of this population falls into the range of intellectual disability

Front 17

"

Back 17

suffer from constraints in attending to relevant cues, may exhibit a generalized over- or under-responsiveness to incoming stimuli; stimuli from all the senses may be interpreted differently by children who are autistic -- Visual stimuli may induce hand fluttering, crossing eyes, side glancing, or fixating on lights.

Front 18

The language of children with infantile autism is often __________________.

Back 18

non-existent or bizarre; echolalia, parroting, meaningless jargon, neologistic speech, repeating questions and statements -- Children who are autistic are almost invariably delayed in speech use and many never develop speech at all

Front 19

Young children with autism show significant delays in the development of all forms of play, especially ____________.

Back 19

symbolic play

Front 20

Academics and Asperger's Syndrome

Back 20

Students with Asperger’s syndrome have rote memory and visual memory skills and appear to understand quantifiable information. Still, they can experience academic difficulties.

Front 21

Physical Development in children with Asperger’s syndrome

Back 21

many have poor motor skills along with coordination and balance problems: awkward fine motor skills, clumsy gross motor skills, difficulty with toilent training, abnormal motility patterns

Front 22

language development for children with Asperger’s syndrome

Back 22

there is no clinically significant delay

Front 23

Asperger’s syndrome is first and foremost a __________ disorder.

Back 23

Social: children with this condition have the intellectual ability to engage in social interactions but lack the awareness and skills needed to connect with the world

Front 24

Assessment of Children who have Autism Spectrum Disorders

Back 24

battery of measures is prerequisite to treatment; assess language, behavioural, and social skills, as well as mental ability and academic functioning, often through questionnaires; functional assessment using structured interviews with arents & student + rating scales/checklists + anacdotal records + general observations in naturalistic environments

Front 25

Functional analysis—or functional assessment

Back 25

A broad approach useful for all children with disabilities but especially those with behavioural disorders, severe or multiple disabilities. The major aims of functional assessment are to generate hypotheses about the possible causes of a student's behaviour and then develop intervention strategies that correlate with the hypotheses.

Front 26

Childhood psychoses

Back 26

A heterogeneous group of clinical syndromes characterized by any number of maladaptive behaviours or clusters of behaviours that include severe disturbances in ego functioning.

Front 27

Development in Childhood Schizophrenia

Back 27

"Occurs later than autism. After a period of more or less adequate development, children regress dramatically. Youngsters who are schizophrenic show disturbances in mood, thought, and behaviour; children are emotionally apathetic, indifferent, and withdrawn.

Front 28

Developmental Consequences of childhood schizophrenia

Back 28

loose associations, illogical thinking, and communication discourse deficits

Front 29

Physical and Motor Development in schizophrenic children

Back 29

commonly lag in motor development

Front 30

Language Development in schizophrenic children

Back 30

As children regress, their speech becomes limited and may reveal incoherent thinking.

Front 31

Social and Emotional Development in schizophrenic children

Back 31

marked reduction in interests, attachments, and relationships; disturbed social relationships and impairments in their interactions with parents, family members, and others in the environment

Front 32

Assessment of childhood schizophrenia

Back 32

DSM-IV -- at least two of the following symptoms: delusions; hallucinations; disorganized speech; grossly disorganized behaviour; certain symptoms of withdrawal

Front 33

Intervention with Children who have Autism Spectrum Disorders and Psychoses

Back 33

No specific treatment exists to help children who are psychotic or autistic reduce their anxiety and cope more effectively with reality. No one treatment method has proven notably effective with these children, and the prognosis remains poor.

Front 34

drug therapy for the treatment of autism

Back 34

generally inconclusive and unpromising results

Front 35

drug therapy for the treatment of schizophrenic children

Back 35

stimulants and tranquilizers show promising results

Front 36

For which children with psychoses and autism are residential programs still proposerd?

Back 36

seriously delayed children, children on whom extensive observation and assessment is necessary, when family relief is required

Front 37

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)

Back 37

Lovaas treatment - an intense one-on-one program for young children, appears to be especially promising in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders

Front 38

treatment for childhood schizophrenia should be ________ and include _____________________.

Back 38

multi-modal and should possibly include pharmacotherapeutics, family interventions, cognitive therapy, and environmental interventions

Front 39

neologistic speech

Back 39

use of nonwords/ wods that are obviously peculiar

Front 40

When the behavioural and thought processes of an individual become so disturbed that the person is out of touch with reality, the general description of the condition is

Back 40

psychosis

Front 41

Current research on autism spectrum disorders indicates that the best way to look at the etiology of the conditions is through

Back 41

a multifactorial approach

Front 42

Echolalia is best described as

Back 42

prolonged repetition of other people's words and phrases

Front 43

Eleven-year-old Randy is diagnosed as autistic. He is just entering puberty. The research suggests that

Back 43

Randy's problems are likely to worsen.

Front 44

Autism is ______ times more common in males than females.

Back 44

4

Front 45

T/F Drug therapy using stimulants significantly improves the functioning of individuals with autism.

Back 45

FALSE

Front 46

self-stimulating behaviour is

Back 46

persistent, stereotypic, repetitive mannerisms

Front 47

Of the developmental stages of preschool, childhood, and adolescence, schizophrenia is most common in __________.

Back 47

adolescence

Front 48

__________ is defined as the study of behaviour and the manipulation of contingencies and setting events to increase or decrease specific behaviours.

Back 48

ABA (applied behaviour analysis)

Front 49

List five self-stimulating behaviours that may be observed in a child who is autistic.

Back 49

hand flapping, twirling objects, patting cheeks, swishing saliva, gazing at lights, spinning, rocking, repetitive vocalization

Front 50

List ten unusual speech patterns noticed in children who are autistic.

Back 50

neologisms, pronoun reversals, echolalia, metaphorical language, immaturity, abnormalities in grammatical constructions, perseveration, meaningless & repetitive utterances, peculiar prosody, lack of gestures

Front 51

What percentage of children with autism develop usable language?

Back 51

about half

Front 52

"

Back 52

TRUE

Front 53

"

Back 53

TRUE

Front 54

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is _________________.

Back 54

a rare chronic, progressive encephalitis that affects primarily children and young adults, caused by a persistent infection of immune resistant measles virus

Front 55

The preferred mode to assess children with pervasive developmental disorders is _>

Back 55

functional assessment

Front 56

primary goals in the treatment of psychoses

Back 56

reducing anxiety, building self-esteem, learning mechanisms to reduce stress, improvement in interaction skills

Front 57

T/F There are known racial, social, economic, or cultural distinctions in the prevalence of autism.

Back 57

FALSE