Psych 209 Exam 1

Front 1

Three approaches relate brain and behavior:

Back 1

1.Correlation
2. Somatic intervention
3. Behavioral intervention

Front 2

Neuroplasticity:

Back 2

Behavior can change the brain

Front 3

Central nervous system:

Back 3

consists of brain and spinal cord.

Front 4

The peripheral nervous system

Back 4

all parts of the nervous system found outside the skull and spinal column

Front 5

Brain:

Back 5

3 pound, 20% of O2 energy

Front 6

Orientations for viewing the brain

Back 6

A. Horizontal
B. Sagittal
C. Coronal

Front 7

Medial
Lateral

Back 7

Medial – towards the middle 
Lateral – towards the side

Front 8

Dorsal
Ventral

Back 8

Dorsal – toward the back 
Ventral – toward the belly

Front 9

Anterior or rostral
Posterior or caudal

Back 9

Anterior or rostral – head end  Posterior or caudal – tail end

Front 10

Ipsilateral
Contralateral

Back 10

Ipsilateral – same side
 Contralateral – opposite side

Front 11

proximal:
Distal:

Back 11

Proximal – near the center
 Distal – toward the periphery

Front 12

White matter:

Back 12

Consists mostly of axons with white myelin sheaths

Front 13

Gray Matter

Back 13

contains more cell bodies and dendrites, which lack myelin

Front 14

The brain is dominated by two _____________

Back 14

cerebral hemispheres

Front 15

The cerebral cortex:

Back 15

is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 16

Gyri/Sucli:

Back 16

Gyri: Any of the prominent, rounded, elevated convolutions on the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.
Sulci: narrow fissures

Front 17

Corpus Callosum:

Back 17

a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain.

Front 18

The cerebral hemisphere includes four lobes:

Back 18

A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Temporal
D. Occipital

Front 19

The forebrain develops into:

Back 19

telecephalon and diecephalon

Front 20

The midbrain develops into

Back 20

mesencephalon

Front 21

The hindbrain develops into two subdivisions:

Back 21

Metencephalon which becomes the cerebellum and pons;
myelecephalon, called the medulla.

Front 22

Telecephalon ( cerebral hemispheres) :

Back 22

Isocortex (neocortex)
Basal Ganglia
Limbic system

telencephalon: The anterior part of the primitive forebrain or prosencephalon, which develops into the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulbs, and basal ganglia.

Front 23

Diencephalon:

Back 23

he posterior section of the forebrain including the thalami and hypothalamus.

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Front 24

Mesencephalon is the same as the _______

Back 24

Midbrain

Front 25

Metencephalon

Back 25

Cerebellum
Pons

Front 26

Myelencephalon

Back 26

Medulla

Front 27

Nucleus (CNS)

Back 27

Nucleus – a collection of neurons

Front 28

Tract( CNS)

Back 28

A bundle of axons

Front 29

Ganglion:

Back 29

In the periphery and is a collection of neurons

Front 30

Nerve

Back 30

In the periphery and is a bundle of axons

Front 31

Limbic System:

Back 31

Is in the CNS
Is a widespread network of structures
and is important for learning and emotion

Has the Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cingulate Gyrus, Olfactory bulb

Front 32

Amygdala:

Back 32

emotional regulation

Front 33

Hippocampus and fornix:

Back 33

Learning

Front 34

Cingulate Gyrus:

Back 34

Attention

Front 35

Olfactory Bulb:

Back 35

Sense of smell

Front 36

Basal Ganglia:

Back 36

Is part of the CNS and is important for motor control
and Includes 4 nuclei:
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
globus pallidus
substanstia nigra (midbrain)

Front 37

Thalamus

Back 37

Part of the CNS
a cluster of nuclei that relay sensory information

Front 38

The hypothalamus:

Back 38

Part of the CNS
contain nuclei with many functions and control
pituitary gland.

Front 39

Midbrain sensory systems:

Back 39

part of the CNS
A. Superior colliculus (colliculi)
B. Inferior colliculus

Front 40

Superior Colliculus

Back 40

Processes visual information and is part of the midbrain in the CNS

Front 41

Inferior Colliculus

Back 41

Processes auditory information and is part of the CNS

Front 42

Midbrain motor systems

Back 42

Substantia Nigra

Red nucleus: communicates with motoneurons in the spinal cord.

Front 43

Substanstia Nigra

Back 43

Substantia Nigra: part of the basal ganglia

Front 44

Red Nucleus

Back 44

Red nucleus: communicates with motoneurons in the spinal cord.

Front 45

Reticular formation

Back 45

system that occurs in the midbrain:
Involved with sleep, arousal , temperature control and motor control. Also gives rise to cranial nerves.

Front 46

Cerebellum

Back 46

Part of CNS
Involved in motor, coordination and learning
consists of 3 layers:
Granule Cell layer
Purkinje Cell layer
Molecular cell layer

Front 47

Granule cell layer:

Back 47

Granule cell layer – cells send axons to form parallel fibers in the outermost, or molecular, layer of cerebellum

Front 48

Purkinje Cell layer:

Back 48

the middle row of cerebellum

Front 49

Pons

Back 49

part of the CNS The pons is attached to the cerebellum – contains motor and sensory nuclei and gives rise to cranial nerves

Front 50

Medulla

Back 50

part of the CNS The medulla contains cranial nerve nuclei and marks the transition from brain to spinal cord. Breathing, heart rate

Front 51

Brain stem:

Back 51

midbrain, pons, medulla