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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the phlogenetic devision of the brain do?
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It organizes brain structures in term of the order in which they are thought to have evolved
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What are the main structures of the phlogenetic division of the brain?
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hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain
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Where to the vast majority of cognitive abilities take place?
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Forebrain
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What are hindbrain and midbrain's responsibilities?
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non-cognitive functions such as basic life support and relay of information from the spinal cord to the rest of the brain
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What are the two subsecitons of the forebrain?
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subcortical structures and cortical structures
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What are subcortical regions of the brain?
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Regions that sit beneath the cerebral cortex
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What is one of Thalamus' main functions?
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Switching or relay station for sensory information around the brain
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Information that gets perceived and processed by multuple regions of the brain can become integrated and communicate with each other via ______
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thalamus
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What are some of the main functions of hypothalamus?
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Regulating basic biological functions including hunger, thirst, tempreture, sexual arousal, and basic amotional reaction
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Where is the hippocampus located?
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Sub-cortically right under the temporal lobes
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What is hippocampus really important for?
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learning and memory
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Where is amygdala located?
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right next to hippocampus
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What is amygdala mostly involved in?
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Emotion and aggression
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What is the outer most layer of the brain?
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Cerebral cortex
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What are the four lobes of cerebral cortex?
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Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobe
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What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
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Corpus callosum
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What is parietal lobe's function?
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Spatial processing, and attention
Somatic sensory (pain, pressure, touch, tempreture) |
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What is the main function of Occipital lobe?
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Visual information
Low level features of visual stimuli, orientation, shape, color, what objects are |
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What is the main function of temporal lobe?
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Auditory information
Memory |
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What are the subdivisions of frontal lobe?
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Motor cortex -> precentral gyrus
premotor coretex -> planning movements prefrontal coretex -> executive functioning |
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The original idea of localization of function traces back to ______ .
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Franz Gall
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What did Franz Gall believe in?
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Faculty Psychology
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What does faculty psychology mean?
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Human abilities and traits, such as human nature, conscientousness, constructiveness, are associated with specific regions of brain
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What is phrenology?
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Strengths and weaknesses of specific traits and abilities are precisely correlated to the relative sizes of the different brain regions
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What was a major problem with phernology?
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* that processes were completely autonomous and independent
* size of a portion does not correspond to its relative power |
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What is double dissociation?
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Patient 1 has damaged area X and lost ability to A but okay with B
Patient 2 the complete mirror |
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What's a famous example of disassociation?
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Broca's aphasia and Wernick's aphasia
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Where is Broca's area located?
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Left frontal lobe (speech production)
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What does Broca's aphasia affect?
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Speach production but not comprehension
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Damage to the very top or dorsal portion of the primary motor cortex would affect one's control of their ______
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feet
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Damage to ventro (lower) of the _______ would affect one's control over their mouth.
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primary motor cortex
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Who is most responsible for what we know about the localization of function in the human cortex?
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Wilder Penfield
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Who came up with the montreal procedure?
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Wilder Penfield
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What is the Montreal Procedure?
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Stimulate different parts of the brain to localize the source of the seizure
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What are the two non-invasive procedures on the brain?
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Static imaging
Dynamig brain imaging |
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What is the Cat scan?
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Converging beams of X-rays from many different angles
different types of brain tissue have differing densities |
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How does MRI work?
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Takes advantage of different magnetic properties of tissues in the brain
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Why is MRI preferred over CAT?
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* no exposure to radiation
* more detailed |
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What is the technique most commonly used to measure electrical activity as a function of cognitive tasks?
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ERP
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What are the two neuro imaging techniques to measure metabolism or blood flow in the brain?
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PET and fMRI
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How can we measure in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
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They have different magnetic fields, we can measure their magnetic properties
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What is the BOLD function?
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The inflow and outflow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the brain
: The blood oxygenation level dependent function |
