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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is general problem solving techniques? |
techniques that could work for a variety of different classes of problems |
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What are domain-specific problem solving techniques? |
those that might only work with specific types of problems |
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What is the generate and test technique? |
involves we generate a number of potential solutions and then test to see if those solutions fit. |
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What technique do you have to use to solve the Hanoi Tower problem? |
means-ends analysis |
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What technique is used to relate the relationship between the structure of the hydrogen atom and the solar system. |
What is reasoning by analogy?
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What is a mental set? |
mental set is the tendency to adopt a certain framework, strategy, or procedure, or, more generally, to see things in a certain way instead of in another, equally plausible way. It can be induced by short amounts of practice, and it causes people to make certain unwarranted assumptions, without being aware of making them. |
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What mental block makes people not able to solve the 6 match problem? |
Mental set |
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An expert chess player can memorize the position of pieces but not a novice player, what's the mental block in the novice player? |
lack of problem-specific knowledge or expertise |
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What kind of reasoning is this: "All college students like pizza. Kerri is a college student; therefore, Kerri likes pizza." |
Deductive reasoning |
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Now, in deductive reasoning, the information goes from the____ to the____ |
general, specific |
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What kind of reasoning is this: "Brian is a university student. Brian lives in a dormitory; therefore, all university students live in dormitories. " |
inductive reasoning |
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What is the content effect? |
It's when the content of a problem can facilitate the logical reasoning process. |
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University students did very well on this task because of their own personal experience with drinking age laws, and, perhaps, with violations of those laws. What is this referring to? |
memory cueing explanation. |
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If A then B. What kind of statement is this? |
conditional statement |
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What is the believability effect? |
People are much more likely to accept a conclusion as valid if the conclusion is believable, irrespective of if it logically follows from the premises. |
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_____ reasoning is reasoning about conclusions that are likely, but not guaranteed to be true. |
Inductive |
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What does the rules-based approach say? |
That people rely on special-purpose mental rules which we have implicit access to – that means we can’t consciously think about them – to draw conclusions. |
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What does the mental-models approach say? |
Proponents of this approach deny that reasoning consists of using special purpose rules of inference. Rather, they argue that reasoning consists of constructing mental models to depict the premises. A mental model might be a quasi-pictoral representation of the relationship between the information in the premises and the conclusion. |
