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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sigmund Freud
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-the first Personality Theory (in Victorian times), Psycho-Dynamic (drive) Theory
-very broad in scope -in Victorian times, his audience=males (females=largely dismissed) |
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Deterministic
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-one thing causes another
-Freud wouldn't budge on this - i.e. childhood trauma=personality style |
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Iceberg Model
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consciousness = above the surface
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Ego
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-driven by the Reality Principle (thinking about doing something but not actually doing it; there are consequences for our actions
-Freud believes that "ego" is very vulnerable, he observed that we develop "ego-defenses" (i.e. denial, repression) -we develop these as early as 1st year of life |
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Ego-Defenses
(Definition) |
they buy us time, softens the pain from processing the realities, defenses are unconsciously driven, they are part of our personality, not pathology.
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Ego-Defenses
(Examples) |
-Denial & Repression
-Projection -Displacement -Reaction Formation -Rationalization -Sublimation |
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Denial & Repression
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develop early (1st two yrs)
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Projection
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finding attributes in other people that we don't like about ourselves & criticize them, jealously, prejudices (when we are actually feeling inferior about ourselves)
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Displacement
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i.e. anger on someone else (your spouse, rather than the boss)
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Reaction Formation
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expressing the opposite reaction, changing an internal emotion (i.e. laughing if you slip & fall, discounting the pleasure of a great compliment)
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Rationalization
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i.e. listing the reasons a game was lost (star player was injured)
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Sublimation
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transferring/changing, taking an internal discomfort & using it for motivation, consciously driven (other ego-defenses aren't)
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Psycho-Sexual Model/Theory
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experiencing trauma within any of the stages means you'll go back to some of the traits in that stage.
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Oral Stage
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-Birth to 18 Months
- Largely unconscious, everything goes in our mouth - highly sensitive - first ego defenses emerge (denial) |
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Anal Stage
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- 18 months to 3.5 yrs
-increased awareness of body function of visceral sensations & they can learn to control this -i.e. toilet training |
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Phallic Stage
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-3.5. to 6 yrs
-Oedipal Complex: mythology: little boy falls in love with his mother & kills his father -Electra: female version -Mommy's little boy & daddy's little girl = complete for affection |
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Oedipal/Electra Complex
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kids resolve this around age 6, identification with the same-sex parent, this is when kids are going to want to be like their parents and learn to process emotions of other people (empathy, sympathy)
- the super ego develops, this is our conscience |
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Latent Stage
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- 6 to 12 years
- understand right & wrong, empathy & sympathy continue to develop, socialization, best friends |
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Genital Stage
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- 12-18 yrs
- the capacity for reproduction is reached |
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Fixation
(Psycho-Sexual Model/Theory) |
- your personality is defined by which stage a trauma happens in.
- Freud believed this so strongly that his students started to disagree & the Humanist movement began - Oral Personality: addictive - Anal Personality: critical - Phallic Personality: everything's superficially sexual |
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Humanism
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- we have the potential to adapt and grow
- very positive |
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Mesmer
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- French
- used hypnosis to get access to our repressed thoughts - "Mesmerized" - Freud studied Mesmer's & Charcot's work |
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Parapraxis
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- Freudian slip
- Freud though we repressed unpleasant thoughts and this unconscious material pops into our dreams or maybe when we are speaking |
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Free Association
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- Developed by Freud as a toll to access unconscious material
- i.e. "boy/girl", "light/dark" - he used the answer as the next cue word, i.e. "mother/kill", he would then interpret the connection (unconscious motivation) between each word |
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Neo-Freudians/ Humanists
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humans can experience constant growth and change (an optimistic, positive approach)
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