Psych 203 Part 2 - Evolution [Exam 1]

Front 1

Evolutionary Paradigm

Back 1

-"how we got from here to there"
-the scientific version of Genesis

Front 2

Animal Kingdom

Back 2

We are in the Kingdom of "Animals"; Phylum of "Cordates"; Sub-Phylum of "Vertebrates; Class of Mammals; Order of Primates; Family of "Hominids; Genus of "Homo"; Species of Sapiens Sapiens

Front 3

120 Years Ago

Back 3

-due to the misinformation anthropologists though we were descendants from the apes & this offended many people.
-by exploring fossilized remains, we came to the conclusion we evolved in parallel with the apes.

Front 4

12 Million Years ago

Back 4

-a mutation genetically split us apart from the small ape-like pre-humans, the proconsuls.
-they had 24 chromosome pairs, but the joining of 2 chromosomes created a new species with 23 pairs that would eventually become the Australopithecus species, ultimately us.

Front 5

8 Million Years Ago

Back 5

-major climatic change began as the creation of the Himalayas altered the climate of Asia and Africa.
-this changed Africa from a dense jungle with ape like tree dwelling creatures to a divergent arid in parts and savanna & jungle in others, environment
-This dynamic environment led to a remarkably divergent evolution of various species who compete for resources and/or survival.

Front 6

Ardi

Back 6

-Ardipithicus Ramidus
-4.4 million yrs. old
-earliest bipedal creature

Front 7

Lucy

Back 7

-Australopithecus Afarensis
-3.2 million yrs. old
- 4ft tall, territorial, lived 50 years
-males competed for leadership roles & breeding rights

Front 8

Bipedal

Back 8

-ability to rear young & enable them to survive to reproductive age, due to being able to carry them
-energy efficient (compared to quadriceps)
-slightly higher reproductive rate
-1/10th per generation

Front 9

New Species

Back 9

-Australopithecus Africanus (2.6 million yrs), primitive tools
-Homo Habillis (1.9 million yrs)
-Australopithecus Bosei (1.7 million yrs)
-Homo Ergaster (1.4 million yrs)
-Homo Erectus (1 million yrs) captured fire
-Homo Heidelbergensis --> Homo Neanderthalensis & Cro-Magnon (300,000 yrs ago)
-Cro-Magnon --> Homo Sapiens Sapiens (100,000 yrs ago), self awareness may not have evolved until 1,000,000 yrs ago.

Front 10

80,000 Years Ago

Back 10

-final migration out of Africa for Homo Sapiens, began setting the state for the development of our current 5 races (African, Caucasian, Malaysian, Asian & Native Americans)
-Native Americans were the last to evolve & they had the greatest distance to migrate
-the first to evolve & shortest distance were today's Aborigines in Australia.

Front 11

Neanderthals & Cro-Magnon

Back 11

-"caveman" image
-Neanderthals & Cro-Magnon migrated to Europe.
-Cro-Magnon tailored their clothing & the avg. temp was 50 degrees colder than it is today.
-Neanderthals may not have had sufficiently well developed larynxes & couldn't communicate enough to pass info on generationally-this may have led to their extinction.
-Cro-Magnon became our ancestors, they developed sophisticated tools.

Front 12

Science vs. Creation

Back 12

Some people think anthropology is against creation/religion.

Others think that science is "Intelligent Design"

Front 13

Genetic Makeup

Back 13

- 98.5% of our genectic make up is the same as gorillas, apes, etc.
- we are 99.9% identical to each other
- 40% identical to a banana

Front 14

Natural Selection

Back 14

-"God's Plan"
- any mutation that improves - 1) survivability (longevity) 2) reproductive capacity 3) ability to rear offspring to reproductive age - improves species' chance of survival.