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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dawn of Self-Awareness
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-perhaps 1,000,000 years ago
- humans have been "thinking about thinking" since the Dawn of Self-Awareness |
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Cyprus Scrolls
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-Oldest written documents
-5,000 years ago - findings show that they were interested in cognition, language, reasoning, personality & mental illness |
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Mental Illness
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-evil, damaged "demons"
- present day: still cautious of people who are very different or behave oddly -History: people with mental illness suffered terribly (i.e. Joan of Arc (possibly bipolar) was executed; Salem Witch Trials: women were probably condemned more than men |
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Demonism
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Most cultures were influenced by church/religion, thus encouraged perception of "right/wrong", "good/evil" thus "demonism"
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Exception
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1500 B.C. to 500 A.D. "The Golden Age of Greece and Rome" - they were practical, structured, militarily influenced...
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Hippocrates
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-didn't believe in demon/evil
-believed mental illness was a result of imbalances of "Humors" or body fluids. - he labeled the fluids descriptively (i.e. "green phlegm", "purple bile", etc. - biological components |
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Modern Mental Illness
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Today we believe many or most illnesses are the result of or influenced by an imbalance of biochemistry (neurotransmitters)
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500 A.D.+ (BCE) - 1500 - The Dark Ages
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-many small cultures/civilizations; disintegrated, many of the Roman/Greeks' advancements were lost.
-33% of the world's population was wiped out, mostly due to opportunistic disease/poor hygiene (i.e. plaque, cholera, measles, whooping cough) -lepers-isolated & mistreated, hoarded into "leprosariums" -1400-1700 organized witch hunts focused on persecution/execution of mentally ill Women |
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Renaissance
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-"The Awakening"
-1500s -improvements: better water distribution (thus improved hygiene), science & arts -Leprosy declined...so Mentally ill were gathered up and put in the leprosariums... creating the "Asyllums" |
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John Locke
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-"Tabula Rosa" (Latin for "blank slate")
- Locke believed that we are all born with nothing, no thoughts. -NURTURE part of nature vs. nurture - But we know that in the 3rd trimester, sucking & swallowing develop. A genetically programmed behavior that disputes the idea of Tabula Rosa. |
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Rene Descartes
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-"philosophical scientist"
-Nature vs. Nurture (genetics vs. upbringing) - an ongoing debate -Descartes though you were born with a certain amount of potential, but environment affects how it develops. |
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19th Century
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Psychology was becoming more of a science, ideas and approaches (Paradigms) were developing
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Cognitive
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thinking/thoughts
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Willhem Wundt
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-Leipzig University professor
-had grad students list parts of the mind (memory, emotions, cognition, etc) through "Introspection". This process could be replicated anywhere. the process was called "structuralism". |
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William James
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-liked Wundt's idea.
-took the process a bit further by focusing on the "functions", thus "Functionalism". -he divided memory into short term and long term. -one of the first to label the unconsciousness |
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Sigmund Freud
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-pioneer
-1st to put together comprehensive theories about Psycho-Dynamics (psycho-analysis) "how", "why", "what". -believed that a huge part of our mind was unconscious, i.e. his dream theories. "interpretation of dreams" -two drives - to aggress and to reproduce. - ultimately, his students began to disagree with his "Deterministic" philosophy... ultimately leading to the "Humanist" movement. |
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Behaviorism
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-John Watson - "you can tell what's going on by watching behavior" (observe & measure)
-associate a behavior with a stimuli |
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Ivan Pavlov
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-Gave validity to Watson's ideas in Moscow lab. i.e. dogs/saliva
-Gave us "Classical Conditioning" i.e. stimulus -> response -Edward Thorndike & B.F. Skinner augmented Pavlov's work with "Operent Conditioning" i.e. behavior -> stimulus (consequence) |
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Evolutionary
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-"how we got here from there"
-the scientific version of Genesis -120 years ago, due to misinformation anthropologists thought we were descendants from the apes & this offended many people. -by exploring fossilized remains, we came to the conclusion we evolved in parallel with the apes. |
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Natural Selection
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-"God's plan"
-i.e. any mutation that improves (1) survivability, (2) reproductive capacity, (3) ability to rear offspring to reproductive ages -improves species chance of survival |
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Biological 1902
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-"dementia-pox" (dementia=confusion) isolation of the Syphilis virus
-many people who were sexually active were coming down with dementia symptoms -scientists were able to prove there was a biological explanation for mental illness (dementia). |
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Humanist
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-social-cultural
-20th century-Freud's students (the Neo-Freudians) came to realization that freud's theory was "deterministic" (one event affects another); "the opposite of freewill". -his students ultimately initiated the Humanist movement. |
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Erik Erikson
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-though humans are constantly adapting, changing, & growing.
-started out as an artist, but wasn't really artistically talented -became friends with Anna Freud, who influenced/mentored him to be a psycho-analyst (people are more than the product of their childhood) -no college degree, wrote books -influenced by Freud & Piaget -wrote "Childhood & Society" |
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Psycho-Social Theory
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-there are 3 powerful forces that drive us through life 1) Psycho 2) Social (environment) 3) Biological (from conception to death, "womb to tomb")
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Life Span
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-divided into life stages which are defined/developed biologically
-in our DNA, there's a plan for how we're going to develop |
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The Epigenetic Principle
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a biological plan for development (Epi=time, Genetic=biological)
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Life Stages
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-defined by a specific organization
-specific "Developmental Tasks" unique to each stage (excluding Prenatal stage) |
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Central Process
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-a process that contributes to, or facilitates, mastery (achievement or success) in developing the tasks at any stage
-if central process is in place, there's a good chance that tasks will occur.(-i.e. infancy, the central process if "mutually with caregiver"-birth mom) -if the central if not in place, then we may struggle (i.e. attachment, etc) |
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Psycho-Social Crisis
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-a sense of complacency (positive to negative continuum) that develops depending on the degree of success (or failure) in any stage.
-a "Prime Adaptive Ego Quality" (PAEQ) results from a positive resolution and a "Core Path) results from a negative resolution. |
