Psych 200 Ch. 6

Front 1

corpus callosum

Back 1

band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

Front 2

cerebellum

Back 2

structure at the base of the brain involved in balance and motor movements

Front 3

reticular formation

Back 3

part of the lower brain, involved in attention

Front 4

hippocampus

Back 4

structure involved in transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory

Front 5

infantile amnesia

Back 5

inability to remember anything that happened prior to age 2

Front 6

anemia

Back 6

dietary deficiency of iron that causes problems such as fatigue, irritability, and attention difficulties

Front 7

handedness

Back 7

preference for using either the right or left hand in gross and fine motor activities

Front 8

preoperational stage

Back 8

cognitive stage from age 2 to 7 during which the child becomes capable of representing the world symbolically for example, through the use of language but is still very limited in ability to use mental operations

Front 9

conservation

Back 9

mental ability to understand that the quantity of a substance or material remains the same even if its appearance changes

Front 10

centration

Back 10

Piaget's term for young children's thinking as being centered, or focused, on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of other important aspects

Front 11

reversibility

Back 11

ability to reverse an action mentally

Front 12

egocentrism

Back 12

cognitive inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and another person's perspective

Front 13

animism

Back 13

tendency to attribute human thoughts and feelings to inanimate objects and forces

Front 14

classification

Back 14

ability to understand that objects can be part of more than one cognitive group, for example an object can be classified with red objects as well as with round objects

Front 15

theory of mind

Back 15

ability to understand thinking processes in one's self and others

Front 16

early intervention program

Back 16

program directed at young children who are at risk for later problems, intended to prevent problems from developing

Front 17

sensitive period

Back 17

in the course of development a period when the capactiy for learning in a specific area is especially pronounced

Front 18

grammar

Back 18

a languages distinctive system of rules

Front 19

pragmatics

Back 19

social and cultural context of langauge that guides people as to what is appropriate to say and not to say in a given social situation

Front 20

emotional self-regulation

Back 20

ability to exercise control over one's emotions

Front 21

undercontrol

Back 21

trait of having inadequate emotional self-regulation

Front 22

externalizing problems

Back 22

problems that involve others, such as aggression

Front 23

overcontrol

Back 23

trait of having excessive emotional self-regulation

Front 24

internalizing problems

Back 24

problems that entail turning distress inward toward the self, such as depression and anxiety

Front 25

initiative vs. guilt

Back 25

in Erikson's lifespan theory, the early childhood stage in which the alternatives are learning to plan activities in a purposeful way, or being afflicted with excess guilt that undermines initiative

Front 26

effortful control

Back 26

when children focus their attention on managing their emotions

Front 27

gender constancy

Back 27

understanding that maleness and femaleness are biological and cannot change

Front 28

gender roles

Back 28

cultural expectations for appearance and behavior specific to males or females

Front 29

gender schema

Back 29

gender-based cognitive structure for organizing and processing information, comprising expectations for males and females appearance and behavior

Front 30

self-socialization

Back 30

process by which people seek to maintain consistency between their gender schemas and their behavior

Front 31

parenting styles

Back 31

practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children and their beliefs bout those practices

Front 32

demandingness

Back 32

degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for behavior and require their children to comply with them

Front 33

responsiveness

Back 33

degree to which parents are sensitive to their children's needs and express love, warmth, and concern for them

Front 34

authoritative parents

Back 34

in classification s of parenting styles, parents who are high in demandingness and high in responsiveness

Front 35

authoritarian parents

Back 35

in classifications of parenting styles, parents who are high in demandingness but low in responsiveness

Front 36

permissive parents

Back 36

in classifications of parenting styles, parents who are low in demandingness and high in responsiveness

Front 37

disengaged parents

Back 37

in classifications of parenting styles, parents who are low in both demandingness and responsiveness

Front 38

reciprocal or bidirectional effects

Back 38

in relations between two persons the principle that each of them affects the other

Front 39

filial piety

Back 39

belief tht children should respect, obey, and revere their parents throughout life; common in asian cultures

Front 40

familismo

Back 40

cultural belief among latinos that emphasizes the love closeness, and mutual obligations among family members

Front 41

time out

Back 41

child required to sit still in a designated place for a brief period, usually only a few minutes

Front 42

amae

Back 42

japanese word that describes the close attachment between mother and child

Front 43

psychological control

Back 43

parenting strategy that uses shame and withdrawal of love to influence children's behavior

Front 44

corporal punishment

Back 44

physical punishment of children

Front 45

child maltreatment

Back 45

abuse or neglect of children, including physical, emotional or sexual abuse

Front 46

foster care

Back 46

for maltreated children, approach in which adults approved by a state agency take over the care of the child

Front 47

instrumental aggression

Back 47

type of aggression when a child wants something and uses aggressive behavior or words to get t

Front 48

hostile aggression

Back 48

type of aggression that entails signs of anger and intent to inflict pain or harm

Front 49

relational aggression

Back 49

type of aggression that involves damaging another person's reputation among peers through social exclusion and malicious gossip