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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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Distinct and enduring
Ways of thinking, feeling & acting Responses to life situations |
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Wht clinical phenomena convinced Freud of the power of the uncoscious mind?
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Hysteria
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Id
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Present at birth
Pleasure principle Totally unconscious |
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Ego
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Develops after the id
Mostly at a conscious level Reality principle Executive of personality |
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Superego
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Last to develop
Traditional values of society Controls the impulses of the id Moral perfection |
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Pleasure principle
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Desires and wishes that need to be satisfied
constantly looking to satisfy the desires of the id |
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Reality principle
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makes decisions for us
we can't always do what the id wants |
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Defense mechanisms
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unconscious ego processes to resolve anxiety
Where the ego works in the unconscious |
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Defense mechanisms
Repression |
Keep from conscious awareness
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Defense mechanisms
Denial |
Refuse to acknowledge reality
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Defense mechanisms
Displacement |
Direct motive to new outlet
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Defense mechanisms
Intellectualization |
Deal with in abstract terms
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Defense mechanisms
Projection |
Assign undesirable quality to others
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Defense mechanisms
Rationalization |
Assign logical motives
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Defense mechanisms
Reaction Formation |
Strongly express opposite motive
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Defense mechanisms
Sublimation |
Impulse released in socially acceptable behavior
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fixation
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Insticts are focused on a particular theme
Too much or too little stimulation of erogenous zone |
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Object relation theory
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focus on how we represent ourselves and other people
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Working model
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framework of how other people relate to us and how we relate to other people
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How does the working model framework form
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attachment that each of us form in early life
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Attachment styles
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Secure
Avoident Anxious ambivalent |
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Secure Attachment
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Easy to get close
Don't feel like they're going to be abandoned Tend to be comfortable in relationships |
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Avoidant
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Uncomfortable being close to others
Hard time depending on others Nervous about intimacy |
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Anxious Ambivalent
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Want more intimacy than other people want to provide
Insecure in relationships Fear of being abandoned Too intense |
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How do attachment styles influence future relations
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What happens in early relationships determine how we deal with relationships in the future.
Early relationships are frameworks. |
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Congruence
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We need to have a consistency between perceptions of ourselves and our experiences
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Self-consistancy
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We need to not have conflict in the perceptions of ourselves
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Motivation
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Direction persistence and vigor of goal directed behavior
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Maslow
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Hierarchy of needs
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Hierarchy of needs
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1. Physiological
2. Safety 3. Belongingness and love 4. Esteem 5. Cognitive 6. Aesthetic 7. Self-actualization |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
What branch of psychology |
Humanistic
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Motivation is a process that influences the __________, ____________, and ___________ of goal-directed behavior.
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Direction
Vigor Persistance |
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Homeostatic models
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motivation as an attempt to maintain equilibrium in bodily systems
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Drive Theory
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Tissue deficits create drives, such as hunger, that push an organism from within to reduce that deficit and restore homeostasis
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Incentive Theory
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Environmental factors pull people toward a goal
Expectancy x Value theory |
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Expectancy x value theory explains why
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the same incentive may motivate some people but not others
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psychodynamic theory of motivation
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unconscious motives guide much of our behavior
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Maslow's need hierarchy
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Humanistic model of motivation
needs exist in a hierarchy, from basic biological needs to the ultimate need for self-actualization. |
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Self-determination Theory
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Three fundamental needs
Competence Autonomy Relatedness |
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What motivates eating?
What can trigger hunger? |
The expected good taste of food
The thought of food |
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What can affect our food intake
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memory
habits psychological needs |
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What regulates eating
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availability, taste and variety of food
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Can cultural norms affect our eating habits?
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yes
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What affects our susceptibility to obesity?
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heredity and the environment
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Anorexia and bulimia occur more often
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in cultures that value thinness
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Can heredity predispose someone to an eating disorder?
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yes
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affiliate for 4 psychological reasons
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Obtain positive stimulation
Receive emotional support Gain attention Permit social comparison |
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Reasons for affiliation
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positive stimulation
emotional support gain attention social comparison |
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Some theorists view affiliative behavior as governed
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homeostatic principles
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BAS
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Behavioral activation system
Roused to action by signals of potential reward and positive gratification |
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BIS
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Behavioral inhibition system
Respond to stimuli that signal potential pain, non-reinforcement, and punishment |
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4 basic achievement goals
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Mastery-approach
Ego-approach Mastery-avoidance Ego-avoidance |
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How do emotions further our well-being
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rousing us to action
helping us communicate with others eliciting empathy and help |
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Primary components of emotion
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eliciting stimuli
cognitive appraisals physiological arousal expressive and instrumental behaviors |
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What factors play a role in determining the arousal properties of stimuli?
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Innate factors
Learning |
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Instrumental behaviors
Definition |
directed at achieving some emotion-relevant goal
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Physiological responses to emotion are produced by
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hypothalamus
limbic system cortex autonomic system endocrine system |
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Conscious and unconscious emotional processing
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Conscious - cortex
Unconscious - amygdala |
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Negative emotions activate in the _______ hemisphere
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right hemisphere
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behavioral component of emotion includes
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expressive behaviors
instrumental behaviors |
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Accuracy of people's interpretation of expressions is enhanced when
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situational cues are also available
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Evolutionary theorists propose (about emotion)
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Innate components that can be influenced by culture
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