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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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• Distinctive hypothesis
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o We identify what makes us unique in each particular context, and we highlight that in our self-definition
o McQuire and Padawer-Singer study – when asked to write down who they are, American children define themselves according to how they are unique and different from their classmates |
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• Social comparison theory
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o We compare ourselves to others in order to evaluate our opinions, abilities and internal states
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• Social belief
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o The roles, duties, and obligations we assume in groups
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• Relational self-beliefs
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o Our identities in specific relationships
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• Collective self
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o Social categories to which we belong
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• Self-reference effect
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o Tendency to elaborate upon and recall info that’s integrated into our self-knowledge
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• Self-schemas
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o Knowledge-based summaries of our feelings and actions and how we understand others’ views about the self
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• Self-discrepancy theory
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o Behavior is motivated by cultural and moral standards regarding the ideal self an the ought self. Violations of those standards produce emotions like guilt and shame when they are not adhered to
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o promotion focus
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• a focus on positive outcomes, approach-related behavior, and cheerful emotions that help us live up to our ideals and aspirations
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o prevention focus
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• when primed to think about our ought self, we experience prevention focus, which involves a sensitivity to negative outcomes, an avoidance motivation and agitated emotions such as guilt or anxiety when we fail to live up to our sense of what we ought to do
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• Sociometer hypothesis
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o Self-esteem reflects our standing with others>>self-esteem is an internal, subjectice index or marker of the extent to which we are included or looked on favorably by others
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• Self-evaluation maintenance model
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We are motivated to view ourselves in a favorable light, and we do so through 2 processes: reflection and social comparison
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• self-verification theory
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o we strive for stable, accurate beliefs about the self because such beliefs give us a sense of coherence
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impression management
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• Public life allows us the opportunity to strategic self-presentation, by which we attempt to create and maintain our impression of ourselves in the minds of others
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