Psych 150 Modules 30,31 (Test 4)

Front 1

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Back 1

personality

Front 2

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Back 2

free association

Front 3

according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

Back 3

unconscious

Front 4

Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

Back 4

psychoanalysis

Front 5

contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

Back 5

id

Front 6

the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality

Back 6

ego

Front 7

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Back 7

superego

Front 8

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, acc. to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Back 8

psychosexual stages

Front 9

acc. to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Back 9

Oedipus complex

Front 10

the process by which, acc. to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos

Back 10

identification

Front 11

according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

Back 11

fixation

Front 12

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Back 12

defense mechanisms

Front 13

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Back 13

repression

Front 14

Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history

Back 14

collective unconscious

Front 15

(defense mechanism): retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Back 15

regression

Front 16

(defense mechanism): switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Back 16

reaction formation

Front 17

(defense mechanism): disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Back 17

projection

Front 18

(defense mechanism): offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions

Back 18

rationalization

Front 19

(defense mechanism): shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

Back 19

displacement

Front 20

(defense mechanism): refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

Back 20

denial

Front 21

a personality test, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics

Back 21

projective test

Front 22

the most widely used projective test

Back 22

Rorschach inkblot test

Front 23

acc. to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential

Back 23

self-actualization

Front 24

acc. to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Back 24

unconditional positive regard

Front 25

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

Back 25

self-concept

Front 26

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Back 26

personality

Front 27

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Back 27

trait

Front 28

a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

Back 28

personality inventory

Front 29

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests

Back 29

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Front 30

a test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Back 30

empirically derived test

Front 31

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context

Back 31

social-cognitive perspective

Front 32

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Back 32

reciprocal determinism

Front 33

the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

Back 33

personal control

Front 34

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

Back 34

external locus of control

Front 35

the perception that you control your own fate

Back 35

internal locus of control

Front 36

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Back 36

learned helplessness

Front 37

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Back 37

self

Front 38

overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

Back 38

spotlight effect

Front 39

one's feelings of high or low self-worth

Back 39

self-esteem

Front 40

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Back 40

self-serving bias