Psych 14-16

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1. Antisocial personality disorder

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characterized by an overall inability to accept social norms

. Many people with this disorder lack any amount of genuine affection for others, are sexually promiscuous, and seek instant gratification.

more common in men than women and represent 2 to 4 percent of the population

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2. Anxiety disorders

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group of disorders characterized by feelings and thoughts of extreme anxiety.

An estimated 17 percent of the population suffers from one form of this disorder or another

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3. Bipolar mood disorders

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formally known as manic-depressive disorders and cause periods of depression and mania

Less than one percent of the population suffers from this disorder; it is equally relevant in both sexes and peaks with onsets among people ages 20-29

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cyclothymic disorder

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bipolar mood disorder with less severe symptoms

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concordance rate

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4. A form of measurement that detects the percentage of twin pairs or other sets of relatives that display the same disorder/s

used to determine the role that heredity plays in the exhibition of disorders

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5. Delusions

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beliefs that are far from reality, but still well-maintained by the individual; commonly associated with schizophrenia

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depressive disorders

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constant sadness, unhappiness, loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed.

women are twice as likely to endure this as are men

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dysthymic disorder

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mild, but persistent symptoms of depression

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7. Dissociative fugue

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causes people to forget their entire life’s worth of memories along with their sense of personal identity

causes people to forget information such as their name, their family, and where they work, they are able to remember things like how to drive a car, read a book, and perform mathematical operations

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8. Epidemiology

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the study of the distributions and determinants of physical or mental disorders throughout a population

finds the prevalence of a disorder among a population within a certain time period

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9. Etiology

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refers to the study of factors which may have contributed (or continue to contribute) to the development of a disease

allows for effective communication about abnormal behaviors.

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10. Generalized anxiety

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a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by chronic and extremely high levels of anxiety that are not tied to any one specific threat

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Hallucinations

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commonly experienced by people with schizophrenia; sensory perceptions that are real to the person experiencing them, but not apparent to anyone else

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12. Hypochondriasis

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a type of somatoform disorder

causes people to become preoccupied with the belief that they have one or more medical illnesses and to frequently worry about developing additional illnesses

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13. Insanity

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legal concept that states a person irresponsible for their actions

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1. Behavior therapies

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use the principles of learning in attempt to redirect maladaptive behaviors.

believes that behavior is a result of learning and conditioning from the past, and that the behavior can be unlearned through the use of classical, observant, and operant conditioning.

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2. Biofeedback

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allows people to gain improved control over the physiological processes

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3. Client-centered therapy

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devised by Carl Rogers

an insight therapy that clients primarily control the pace and direction of. Providing an emotionally supportive environment for the client is also an important aspect of this type of therapy

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4. Clinical psychologists

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focus on treating and diagnosing both psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems

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5. Cognitive therapy

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an insight therapy that was devised by Aaron Beck

focuses on identifying negative thoughts and beliefs, and then changing them

therapists of this type are actively involved in the treatment of their clients

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6. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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was put into use as a safer alternative to seizure-inducing drugs under the belief that epilepsy and schizophrenia cannot coexist

currently, Currently, ECT is only recommended for use in treating depression, but may be useful for those with manic disorders

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7. Free association

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the uncensored, spontaneous expression of thoughts at the rate of which they occur.

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8. Lithium

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a type of chemical that is used to control and prevent the mood swings and manic episodes of patients with bipolar mood disorder, or to bring patients out of a current mood swing.

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9. Psychiatrists

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physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

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10. Psychoanalysis

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form of therapy that was developed by Freud

focuses on the retrieval of unconscious conflicts through the techniques of free association and transference

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11. Systematic desensitization

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Devised by Joseph Wolpe

refers to a type of behavior therapy that uses counterconditioning to reduce anxiety in clients with phobias

aims to weaken the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response

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12. Transference

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an element of psychoanalysis where patients begin to transfer their feelings towards people in their lives onto their therapist

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1. Attitudes

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a combination of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive components that combine to locate objects on dimensions of judgment

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cognitive dissonance

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Contradiction between related cognitions

creates an imbalance and motivates people to change their cognitions in order to reduce dissonance

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4. Companionate love

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a mature affection for another person whom you respect and love deeply

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5. Compliance

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the change in public behavior due to social pressure despite the maintenance of private beliefs

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conformity

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The change of behaviors, actions, and/or beliefs to “fit in” with a social group or standard

Solomon Asch

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7. Ethnocentrism

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refers to a person’s tendency to judge other groups or cultures against their own standards

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8. Group cohesiveness

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a key factor in the presence of groupthink

When members of a group have strong links and relationships to other members as well as the group itself, this is likely to exist

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9. Groupthink

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a term that was coined by Irving Janis

Groupthink refers to the tendency for members of a group to withhold possibly vital information in order to concur with the rest of the group.

causes a distortion of reality and can lead to many faults

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illusory correlation

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the belief that a relationship exists between two variables, when in fact there is no relationship at all

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passionate love

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completely infatuated with each other

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prejudice

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12. When beliefs, behavioral dispositions, and emotions combine to form negative attitudes toward another group and its members

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the self-serving bias

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people tend to accredit their achievements to personal factors, and consider their failures to be caused by situational factors

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14. Social psychology

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a field of psychology that studies how our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are affected by social conditions

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- Person perception

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explores the factors that influence the process of forming impressions of people

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- Attribution processes

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- Attribution processes seek to understand and provide explanation for the behaviors of others, ourselves, and the events that occur in life