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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is psych?
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study of behavior & mental process
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what is mental process?
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Covert Cant be observed
ex/ remembering |
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what is behavior?
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Overt can be Observed.
ex/ jumping |
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Psychologist vs psychiatrist
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-iatrist is MD can write RX
-ologist do research & therapy |
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4 Goals Of psych
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***PUIDS
1.Predict 2. Understand/explain 3. Influence/control 4. Describe |
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2 structuralists
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1. W. Wundt
2. E. Titchener |
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what is structuralism?
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basic elements of the conscious mind
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what method does structuralism use?
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Introspection-look inward at conscious experiences
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Name Gestatlists?
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M. Wertheimer
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what did M Wertheimer believe?
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must look at whole.
"whole is different from the sum of it's part . |
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ex/ gestaltists idea
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3 B use lines but whole's are diff
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Name Functionalist
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W. James
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What is Functionalism?
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useful functions of conscious help humans survive
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functionalism is influenced by what?
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Darwin theory of evolution
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what is phi phenomenon?
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perception of moment from 2 stationary lights
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5 stages of development:
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1. genital
2. oral 3. anal 4. latency 5.phallic |
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psychoanalytic
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unconscious mind is source of pych problems
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who invented psychoanalytic technique?
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S. Frued
think family FEUD- |
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name 3 ppl influence Behaviorism
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1. Parlov
2. J. B. Watson 3. B. F. Skinner |
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what is social learning theory?
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most behavior is learned from others
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who is Parlov?
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Behaviorist;; classic conditioning
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what does cognitive mean?
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all intellectual processes
(thinking, remembering, seeing) |
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what is Humanistic Psych?
aka 3rd force |
humans determine own fates thru conscious decisions
--- HUMAN POTENTIAL & FREE CHOICE |
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3 Humanists
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1. a. Maslow
2. c. Rogers 3. v. Frankl __ MOUNTAINS--RAIN--FOREST |
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2 big things psychoanalysis detect
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1. sex
2. aggression |
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Parlov
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classical conditioning (associations 2 unrelated things)
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1st to make psych lab?
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w. Wundt
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1st to teach psych class & agreed with Darwin's evolution views??
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William James
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1st to study memory with paired associate method?
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Mary w Calkins
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1st scientist to discover neurons?
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Spanish dude
Santiago ramon y cajal |
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name of person
Social Learning Theory aka Sociocultural perspective |
A. Bandura---THINK Ace Ventura
Most behavior learned from others -personality, beliefs, attitude, skills |
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what is sociocultural perspective
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same as social learning theory
Most behavior learned from others -personality, beliefs, attitude, skills |
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special areas:::
Evolutionary |
deals with phobias
phobias in place for survival ex/ heights might fall over |
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special areas:::
neuroscience |
look at brain & spinal cord & neurotransmitters
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special areas:::
Biological |
health factors may cause psych issue
ex. thyroid issue |
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special areas:::
positive psych |
what makes ppl grow, sensitive, tough
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what is a theory
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tentative explanation -
tentative =MIGHT CHANGE |
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what is a hypothesis?
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prediction; test research based on theory
ex/ students w/ no sleep failed tests |
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sample
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subgroup; represents bigger population of interest.
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replication
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research must be repeated by others.
if diff results alter variable or abandon |
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surveys
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set of predetermined questions
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pro & con of survey
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Pro= get quick results
Con= ppl lie; not accurate; how quest. worded can influence answers |
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Naturalistic observation
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observe behavior in everyday life setting
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Pro & con of Naturalistic observation
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Pro= patterns of behavior
Con= inclusive on cause/effect |
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Case Study aka clinical method
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data of 1 person studied in depth
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Cons of case study
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-not big enough group
-expensive -long period of time ppl can drop out |
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what is a theory
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tentative explanation -
tentative =MIGHT CHANGE |
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what is a hypothesis?
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prediction; test research based on theory
ex/ students w/ no sleep failed tests |
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sample
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subgroup; represents bigger population of interest.
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replication
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research must be repeated by others.
if diff results alter variable or abandon |
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surveys
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set of predetermined questions
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pro & con of survey
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Pro= get quick results
Con= ppl lie; not accurate; how quest. worded can influence answers |
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Naturalistic observation
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observe behavior in everyday life setting
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Pro & con of Naturalistic observation
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Pro= patterns of behavior
Con= inclusive on cause/effect |
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Case Study aka clinical method
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data of 1 person studied in depth
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Cons of case study
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-not big enough group
-expensive -long period of time ppl can drop out |
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which founder famous for case study?
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FAMILY FEUD
__ Frued |
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Correlation Study
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is there a relationship between 2 variables
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Positive Correlation
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BOTH VARIABLES MOVE IN SAME DIRECTION
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NEGATIVE CORRELATION
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VARIABLES WENT OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS.
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CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
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NUMERICAL EXPRESSION OF 2 VARIABLES
IE. +1.00 TO -1.00 |
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EXPERIMENT
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PROVE CAUSATION;
GET PPL THEN RANDOMLY PUT IN CONTROL OR EXPERIMENT GROUP MANIPULATE IV |
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MANIPULATE IV (CAUSE) MEASURE DV (EFFECT) |
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MANIPULATE IV (CAUSE) MEASURE DV (EFFECT) |
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4 HUMAN GUIDELINES (DICV)
MUST FOLLOW FOR EXPERIMENT |
1.VOLUNTARY- you signup
2.INFORMED CONSENT-sign form 3.CONFIDENTIALITY-keep anonymity 4.DECEPTION/DEBRIEFING;withheld info cant hurt you; know right away after |
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3 aNimal guidelines
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1. Necessity-advance understanding
2. Health-care for 3 Human Treatment-minimize discomfort |
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correlation does NOT mean
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Causation-
CANT SAY 1 CAUSED THE OTHER correlation is realtionship |
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blind experiment
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researcher does not know which subjects in control group,IV
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double blind experiment
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both participants & researcher clueless
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placebo
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inactive agent;
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4 steps to conduct formal experiment
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1. get group
2. randomly assign ppl to groups 3. expose each group 2diff conditions of IV (vnon/violent movie) 4. measure DV see if groups differ |
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why must researcher be blind?
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1.avoid bias ( interact differently)
2,unintentionally reorder date in favor of hypothesis |
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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
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numerical results of study using statistics
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normal distribution
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bell shape graph
spread evenly around mean |
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median
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middle point (50%tile)
middle of freeway is median |
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standard DEVIATION
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deviate is move away
spread out scores from mean |
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statistical significance.
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findings were not by chance
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surface layer of the brain
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cerebral cortex
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what did Dr. Penfield prove?
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cerebral cortex is involved in our psychological experiences.
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what is the nervous system built from?
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neurons (specialized cells)
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what do neurons do?
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transmit msgs- communication of body
___ body/s call center & computer |
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2 PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
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1. CNS 2. PNS
____ 1.Central nerv system (brain & spinall) 2. peripheral (nerves outside skull) |
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endocrine glands
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secrete hormones thu blood; regulate function & influence behavior
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spinal cord
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thick bundles of long nerves running tthru spine
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3 components of neurons: [CAD]
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1. Cell Body-center-contain nucleus
2. Dendrites-branches extend out & receive impulses 3. Axons- carry away msg away & pass impulse on |
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nerves
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bundle of long neurons outside CNS
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depolarization
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process; +ions flow into the axon, making it less neg inside.
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what is Myelin Shealth & function
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jelly like fatty covering of axon
insulation & speeds axon impulse ____ Speeds neural messages |
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MS deterioration of ...
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Myelin shealth
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2 types of transmitters
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1. neural; electrical within 1 neuron
2. synaptic; chemical- 1 neuron to the next |
