Psych 13-17

Front 1

social psychology

Back 1

study of individuals behavior while in the precense of others

Front 2

sociology

Back 2

the study of how groups and people behave

Front 3

role

Back 3

a position in society that has rules or norms that more-or-less dictate how a person should behave when occupying that certain position

Front 4

Phillip Zimbardo's experiment

Back 4

prison study, college students cast into the role of prisoner/guard

Front 5

result of zimbardo's experiment

Back 5

inmates became depressed, apathetic, angry. guards became power-hungry

Front 6

stereotypes

Back 6

impressionistic summaries of people pertaining to specific groups to organize information about a group

Front 7

grain of truth hypothesis with regards to stereotypes

Back 7

asserts that there is some truth to most stereotypes we have about others

Front 8

3 problems with stereotyping

Back 8

1. focus on how diff others are from us
2. cause us to underestimate differences within other groups
3. cause us to engage in selective perception

Front 9

selective perception in regards to stereotypes

Back 9

we focus on behavior manifested by someone from a group that "fits" with out stereotype of the groups whereas we tend to ignore or not pay attention to behaviors that would not fit with our stereotypes

Front 10

diffusion of responsibility

Back 10

act diff when with a group bc the responsibility will be shared by others

Front 11

deindividuation

Back 11

when a person loses his or hers sense of being an individual, when we think of ourselves as individuals we feel more responsible for our actions

Front 12

foot-in-the-door approach

Back 12

when someone asks for a small favor then asks for a large one which is what they actually wanted in the first place

Front 13

door-in-the-face

Back 13

start by making a large, unreasonable request so that they are more likely to accept the smaller request

Front 14

amount of ova female produce between puberty and menopause

Back 14

400-500

Front 15

germinal stage

Back 15

when the zygote (while experiencing mitosis) is wandering throughout the uterus prior to implanting itself in the uterus wall

Front 16

embryonic stage

Back 16

when implantation occurs and lasts up until about the 8th week of development, major organs become pronounced

Front 17

fetal stage

Back 17

3rd month- birth
all major organ systems formed, fingers/toes formed, sex can be determined

Front 18

jean piaget's influence

Back 18

his children

Front 19

assimilation

Back 19

learning new ideas and information--> adding info into our existing knowledge, must modify info

Front 20

object permanence

Back 20

during sensory motor stage, understanding that objects that aren't in our view still exist

Front 21

sensory motor stage

Back 21

experience the world through basic senses, birth to one and a half

Front 22

preoperational stage

Back 22

1 and a half to 6 years, children are very egocentric and animistic (attribute life to inanimate objects)

Front 23

formal operational stage

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adolescence to adulthood, people are capable of thinking hypothetically

Front 24

what erik erikson thought about freud

Back 24

placed too much emphasis on sex drive and not enough on the social context in which human development occurs

Front 25

trust vs. mistrust

Back 25

birth to 1, infant develops sense of trust bc they can rely on the world to meet their needs, if infant is neglected it feels a sense of mistrust

Front 26

autonomy vs. shame

Back 26

1-2, parents approve of self sufficient behavior they feel sense of autonomy, parents unsupportive feel sense of shame

Front 27

initiative vs. guilt

Back 27

2-5, children interact with fam, if received well feel initiative, received poorly feel guilt

Front 28

industry vs. inferiority

Back 28

6-puberty, must conform to rules and schedules, if transition to school goes well feel sense of industry, doesnt go well feel sense of inferiority

Front 29

identity vs. role confusion

Back 29

adolescence, if they get through the other stages without much trouble they find their identity

Front 30

intimacy vs. isolation

Back 30

early adulthood, fairly solid identity and social skills so we try to experience intimacy. if it doesnt go well, feel isolated

Front 31

generativity vs. stagnation

Back 31

middle adulthood, if we are happy with our lives we will continue being productive, if not we become stuck and we try to change our lives

Front 32

ego integrity vs. despair

Back 32

late adulthood, try to determine if it was a good life. if we did, we can accept death, if not then we regret our lives and will resist the idea that we are going to die

Front 33

level one: preconventional level

Back 33

depends on whether the behavior will be punished or not

Front 34

level two: conventional level

Back 34

society has laws and rules to prevent chaos and to be fair so we must respect society's laws

Front 35

level three: postconventional level

Back 35

doesnt commit behavior based on whether it is legal, but whether it should occur if either the law is unfair or the circumstances warrant committing the behavior

Front 36

what type of study is environmental psychology?

Back 36

interdisciplinary (involving other disciplines outside of psychology)

Front 37

most serious threat to society today

Back 37

human overpopulation

Front 38

what does over humanpopulation mean is going to happen to the world?

Back 38

crowded schools, increased consumption of goods and foods, and less natural resources and energy supplies

Front 39

situationist theory

Back 39

believe that behavior can be changed as a result of stimuli or an event in the environment, ex: people recycling bc more bins are put next to trash cans

Front 40

transactional theories

Back 40

focus on interdependence that exists between humans and their communities, (environment affects behavior)

Front 41

cross-cultural psychology

Back 41

differences between well-dilineated cultures, usually from distinct countries

Front 42

multicultural psychology

Back 42

examines info pertinent to national minority groups and examines these groups from the context of these members having historically been oppressed by the dominant culture

Front 43

etic perspective

Back 43

approach to studying/treating behavior that the value associated with the behavior transcends cultures and is therefore, universal

Front 44

emic perspective

Back 44

considering a specific behavior in the context of local norms, looking at a behavior where it occurs

Front 45

relativism

Back 45

idea that there is nothing inherently right or wrong in the world, it all depends on a culture's belief system

Front 46

absolutism

Back 46

idea that there is an objective reality outside of ourselves and therefore there is truth and there are standards for art and beauty, standards on which most cultures would agree

Front 47

socioeconomic status (SES)

Back 47

racial and ethnic minorities have been overrepresented among the lower social classes

Front 48

prejudice

Back 48

when a person pre-judges someone before trying to understand them

Front 49

ethnocentrism

Back 49

when people think that their people are better than everyone else in some way

Front 50

racism

Back 50

having a preference for one's own group

Front 51

effect of self-esteem on bigotry/racism

Back 51

profound need to feel good about themselves and one way is to hate other groups

Front 52

effect of scapegoating on bigotry/racism

Back 52

blame others for social and world problems

Front 53

effect of economic competition on bigotry/racism

Back 53

when newcomers join the work place and threaten us in the workplace we begin to view them as the enemy

Front 54

effect of learned attitudes on bigotry/racism

Back 54

can be learned from others

Front 55

effect of a bad experience on bigotry/racism

Back 55

unpleasant encounter with a handful of individuals who belong to a specific group

Front 56

effect of innate knowledge on bigotry/racism

Back 56

there is a possibility that we have a "genetic proclivity" to be prejudiced or racists against dissimilar groups of people

Front 57

collectivist cultures

Back 57

the needs of the group, particularly the family, supersede the needs of an individual

Front 58

individualistic culture

Back 58

the needs and rights of the individual supersede the rights of a group

Front 59

pubic crabs and scabies

Back 59

thrive off human blood and have a preference for residing in and around hair, in dark locations

Front 60

gonorrhea

Back 60

caused by bacteria, medical observer is obligated to report the "case" to the CDC, "joint disorder" that causes person to have sore joints

Front 61

most common symptom of gonorrhea

Back 61

discharge of pus from the vagina or penis

Front 62

syphilis

Back 62

caused by bacteria, primarily among men who have sex with other men (MSM)

Front 63

first stage of syphilis symptoms

Back 63

"chancre" or sore will form at the point of infection, will generally go away after 2 months of being infected

Front 64

second stage of syphilis symptoms

Back 64

visible, unique rash with blueish tinted bumps, generally on the palms of the hands

Front 65

third stage of syphilis symptoms

Back 65

is no longer infectious to others but disease can have negative long term affects on the central nervous system

Front 66

clamydia

Back 66

caused by bacteria, generally infect women particularly in the context of pregnancy

Front 67

symptoms of clamydia

Back 67

women: abdominal pains, painful intercourse, burning sensations when urinating, and itching in the vaginal region
men: swollen and painful testicles, burning sensations when peeing

Front 68

result of clamydia for pregnant mothers

Back 68

ectopic pregnancy

Front 69

ectopic pregnancy

Back 69

when the egg does not make it all the way down the fallopian tube and implant itself in the uterus wall, but instead implants itself at the end of the fallopian tube causing it to rupture which causes death for the mother

Front 70

herpes simplex 1

Back 70

affects ventilated, lighted areas such as the mouth

Front 71

herpes simplex 2

Back 71

affects moist, dark areas like the genital area

Front 72

symptoms of herpes

Back 72

outbreaks of a cold sore on the infected area 4 or 5 times during the first year of infection

Front 73

cause of hepatitis a

Back 73

by contact with human feces which can occur from contaminated food or sexual activity

Front 74

cause of hepatitis b

Back 74

contact of infected bodily fluids in the context of sexual activity

Front 75

cause of hepatitis c

Back 75

contact with infected blood typically either through the sharing of needles for drug use and abuse or via blood transfusion with contaminated blood

Front 76

hep a and b symptoms

Back 76

common symptoms associated with the flu

Front 77

low risk sexual activity

Back 77

hugging/kissing/massaging/ manual stimulation

Front 78

medium risk sexual activity

Back 78

oral stimulation (penile, vaginal, anal)

Front 79

high risk sexual activity

Back 79

any sexual activity that involves penetration

Front 80

2 types of attribution

Back 80

situational (something about situation explains behavior), dispositional (something about them explains their behavior)

Front 81

fundamental attribution error

Back 81

Making “dispositional” attributions and ignoring “situational” causes, ex: cashier being rude might not be their personality but maybe they had a bad morning

Front 82

self-serving bias in regards to attribution

Back 82

You making a situational or dispositional attribution for yourself depending on what is convenient for you→ if your behavior says something positive about you, you will make a dispositional attribution. If your behavior says something negatively about you then you will make a situational attribution

Front 83

self-handicapping in regards to attributions

Back 83

when you know that an outcome will not be positive you create a situation in order to have a situational attribution for why you didnt do well

Front 84

just-world hypothesis

Back 84

We want to believe life is fair and therefore we want to believe that if you work hard and play by the rules we will have a good life and if we don’t then we won’t

Front 85

how often homosexuality is mentioned in the bible

Back 85

rarely

Front 86

biblical accounts of homosexuality

Back 86

genesis--> sodom killed, doesnt explain why
leviticus--> specifically condemns man to man sex
romans--> condemn "unnatural" acts between same sex couples

Front 87

how sexual orientation is defined in latin american countries

Back 87

if the male is the penetrator he could be straight, but if he is receiving then he is automatically gay

Front 88

what is sodomy?

Back 88

any sex that is not penile/vaginal with two heterosexual people

Front 89

controversy between richard loving and mildred jeter loving

Back 89

cant be an interracial married couple in virginia so they were sentenced to 1 year in prison or 25 years of probation if they move out of virginia

Front 90

rights of a same-sex married couple

Back 90

same state laws as any heterosexual couple

Front 91

rights of couples in civil unions

Back 91

get a lot of rights, but not nearly as many as a married couple. more than couples in domestic partnerships

Front 92

rights of couples in domestic partnerships

Back 92

some rights, but even less than a civil union

Front 93

first state to allow same sex marriage

Back 93

massachusetts

Front 94

state where couples in civil unions have the same rights as a married couple

Back 94

washington state

Front 95

first country to legalize same-sex marriage

Back 95

netherlands

Front 96

most recent state to allow gay marriage

Back 96

new york

Front 97

only country that accepts same-sex marriage and polygamy

Back 97

south africa

Front 98

"social group" that has the most negative thoughts about sex

Back 98

middle east

Front 99

honor killings

Back 99

if a woman is sexually assaulted, it is ok to kill the woman because she has disgraced the family

Front 100

how does the US have a negative attitude towards sex?

Back 100

dolls dont have genitals, abstinence is taught in schools, boys scouts/churches teach that masturbation is a sin and harmful

Front 101

genarlow wilson

Back 101

had oral sex with a consenting 15 year old and a friend put the video online and he was sentenced to 10 years in prison for “child sexual abuse”

Front 102

inis beag

Back 102

conservative catholics, dont encourage masturbation/premarital sex, when having sex lights are off, pajamas are on, man ejaculates as quickly as possible and they pretend it never happened

Front 103

mangaia in regards to sex

Back 103

let their kids masturbate, let teens have sex, have contests which man can give his woman the most orgasms at once

Front 104

instinct theory

Back 104

all behaviors are biologically driven, makes us feel valued and special, people dont have sex to make babies

Front 105

cindy muston and david buss study

Back 105

Asked people why they have had sex in the past
Common reasons--> Attracted to person, wanted physical pleasure, affection to partner, orgasm, fun, great sense of humor, bored
Uncommon reasons--> Give an STD, get promotion, feel closer to god, drugs in exchange

Front 106

ways to measure sexual arousal

Back 106

Penile plethysmograph (rubber ring that slides over the shaft of the penis when he is not aroused and measure his circumference. When he gets aroused it will change and you can tell how much the penis has changed in circumference)
Vaginal photocell plethysmograph (inserts “metal tampon” into vagina and measures how much light can get into that photocell), Heart rate

Front 107

steinman study on male/female arousal

Back 107

males said they were aroused and were, females said they weren't but physiologically they were

Front 108

reasons to explore one's body

Back 108

increase sexual satisfaction, improve body-image/ self-esteem, health reasons

Front 109

hopi indians in regard to sex

Back 109

if a little boy is crying someone will go over and stroke his penis to calm him down, there is a place where they live that looks like a vulva and males put their penis in it to "keep mother earth fertile"

Front 110

sambians in regard to sex

Back 110

when little boys turn 7 they have a ceremony and say bye to family and friends and they move to a nearby forest and for the next 10 years they should not have any contact with a woman and in order to grow into men they have to consume as much semen as possible

Front 111

deaths in 2000

Back 111

435,000 smoking
300,000 obesity-related
80,000 alcohol-related
43,000 vehicular
29,000 gun (1,500 accidents)
20,000 from STDs
17,500 “illicit” drugs
14,500 “falls”
5,000 food poisoning
4,000 drowning
3x more likely to get cancer from eating meat

Front 112

2 ways to test for cervical cancer

Back 112

pap smear/hpv test