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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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case studies |
detailed descriptions of particular individuals |
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observational studies |
observing, recording behaviour w/o interfering |
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objective tests |
(inventories)- measure states of which a person is aware |
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projective tests |
designed to study the unconscious |
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characteristics of a good test |
1. standardization 2. norms 3. reliability 4. validity (content/criterion) |
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standardization |
uniform procedures for giving and scoring the test |
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norms |
established standards of performance |
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reliability |
getting the same results form one time to another 1. test-retest 2. alternate forms |
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validity |
test measures what it set out to measure 1. content 2. criterion |
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positive correlation |
high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other (or low to low) |
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negative correlation |
high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other |
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independent variable |
the characteristic manipulated by the experiment |
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dependent variable |
the behaviour the researcher tries to predict |
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experimental condition |
the condition/group in which participants recieves some amount of the independent variable |
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control condition |
condition/group in which participants do not recieve any amount of the independent variable
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single blind studies |
participants don't know whether they are in the experimental or control group
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double blind studies |
neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants are in which group |
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cross-sectional studies |
compare groups at one time |
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longitudinal studies |
study participants across the lifespan |
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experimentation |
looks for the causes of behaviour |
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inferential statistics |
tell the researcher the likelihood that the result of the study occured by chance |
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meta-analyses |
combine data from many studies |
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What makes Psychological Research scientific |
1. Precision 2. Scepticism 3. Reliance on empirical evidence 4. Willingness to make "risky predictions" |
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principle of falsifiability |
a scientific theory must make predicitons that are specific enough to expose the theory to possibility of diconfirmation |
