Psych 111

Front 1

a long thin collection of neural cells attached to the base of the brain and running the length of the spinal column.

Back 1

Spinal cord

Front 2

quiets pacifies and inhibits

Back 2

sympathetic patterns of nervous system

Front 3

readies the body for “fight or flight” situations

Back 3

Parasympathetic

Front 4

includes the medulla, pons, and midbrain

Back 4

brain stem

Front 5

a pair of hemispheres resembling the cerebral hemispheres but much smaller and lying beneath and in back of them; controls posture and movements, especially rapid ones.

also coordinates fine movement

Back 5

cerebellum

Front 6

Receives stimuli from spinal cord and brain stem.

also includes occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes

Back 6

cerebrum

Front 7

The outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, approximately 3 mm thick.

Back 7

cerebral cortex

Front 8

A region in the brain near the center of the cerebral hemispheres. All sensory info except that of olfaction is sent to this and then relayed to the cerebral cortex.

Receives and processes info from the brain stem and distributes it to areas of the brain.

Back 8

thalamus

Front 9

what is out-moded?

Back 9

The idea of centers for things like auditory, visual, and sensory information

Front 10

a large bundle of axons (“white matter”) that connects the cortex of the two cerebral hemispheres

Back 10

corpus callosum

Front 11

A set of interconnected structures of the brain important in emotional and species-typical behavior; includes the amygdala, hippocampus and limbic cortex

Back 11

limbic system

Front 12

located deep in the temporal lobe; damage causes changes in emotional and aggressive behavior

Back 12

amygdala

Front 13

located in the temporal lobe; plays important roles in episodic memory and spatial memory

Back 13

hippocampus

Front 14

the cerebral cortex located around the edges of the cerebral hemispheres where they join with the brain stem

Back 14

limbic cortex

Front 15

Treatment of biological psychopathology

Back 15

surgical and pharmaceutical

Front 16

treatment of behavioral psychopathology

Back 16

Challenge when to call symptoms abnormal

Alter environment of the individual

Front 17

treatment of cognitive

Back 17

Abnormal thinking, feeling, and perception

Talking- call attention to abnormal patterns, find causes and solutions to change ways of thinking, etc. (gentle to sharp confrontation)

Front 18

treatment-- humanistic

Back 18

Positive spin on human potential

Reconciling a person’s views of themselves with views of what they would like to be

Combination of active and reflective listening, open-ended course therapy, and providing the client with unconditional positive regard

Front 19

encodes info for short-term memory

Capacity: Large
Duration: Brief

Back 19

sensory memory

Front 20

Capacity: Limited – 7 + or – 2 Chunks, but Chunk sizes can vary considerably

Duration: Short

Back 20

short term memory

Front 21

Capacity: unlimited
Duration: endless (or until death)

Back 21

long term memory

Front 22

process by which info is simplified by rules, which make it easily remembered once the rules are learned

Back 22

chunking

Front 23

The process by which sensory info is converted into a form that can be used by the brain’s memory system

Back 23

encoding

Front 24

memory in which representations of the physical features of a stimulus are stored for very brief durations (iconic, and echoic)

Back 24

sensory memory

Front 25

immediate memory for stimuli that have just been perceived. It is limited in terms of both capacity (72 chunks of info) and duration (less than 20 seconds).

Back 25

short term memory

Front 26

memory in which info is represented on a permanent or near-permanent basis.

Back 26

long term

Front 27

a form of sensory memory that holds a brief visual image of a scene that has just been perceived; also known as visible persistence

Back 27

iconic

Front 28

a form of sensory memory for sounds that have just been perceived.

Back 28

echoic

Front 29

memory for new info and info retrieved from long-term memory; used in this text as another name for short term memory

Back 29

working memory

Front 30

tendency to remember initial info. In the memorization of a list of words, this is evidenced by better recall of words early in the list

Back 30

primacy effect

Front 31

- tendency to recall later info. Better recall of last words in list.

Back 31

recency effect

Front 32

inability to remember words that are heard, although they usually can be understood and responded to appropriately. This disability is caused by damage to Wernick’s and Broca’s areas.

Back 32

conduction aphasia

Front 33

loss of the ability to retrieve memories of the past, particularly memories of episodic or autobiographical events.

Back 33

retrograde amnesia

Front 34

principle that how we encode info determines our ability to retrieve it later.

Back 34

encoding specificity

Front 35

a mnemonic system in which items to be remembered are mentally associated with specific physical locations or landmarks

Back 35

method of loci

Front 36

a mnemonic system in which items to be remembered are associated with a set of mental pegs already in memory, such as key words of a rhyme.

Back 36

peg-word method

Front 37

a type of long-term memory that serves as record of life experiences.

Back 37

episodic memory

Front 38

a type of long-term memory that contains data, facts, and other info, including vocabulary

Back 38

semantic memory

Front 39

a condition in which a person has difficulty forming new long-term memories of events that occur after that time

Back 39

anterograde amnesia

Front 40

occasional problem with retrieval of info that we are sure we know but cannot immediately remember.

Back 40

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Front 41

memories established by events that are highly surprising and personally of consequence

Back 41

flashbulb memories