Psych 1101 Test #3

Front 1

The point above which a stimulus is perceived and a point below which it is not

Back 1

Threshold

Front 2

JND -- Smallest increase or decrease in the intensity of a stimulus that a person is able to detect

Back 2

Just Notable Difference

Front 3

Increase in intensity needed to produce a JND -- Grows proportionately to the intensity of the stimulus

Back 3

Weber's Law

Front 4

Sensation is..

Back 4

The first awareness of stimulus (bit of information

Front 5

Perception is..

Back 5

A meaningful (or set of meaningful) experience that results from combining sensations.

Front 6

Perception is rarely...

Back 6

an exact replica of the stimuli

Front 7

An INTERPRETATION of the real world is also known as...

Back 7

PERCEPTION

Front 8

Steps from SENSATION to PERCEPTION

Back 8

Stimulus, Transduction, Primary areas of the brain to Association areas of the brain, to PERCEPTIONS

Front 9

The 6 rules of organization

Back 9

Closure Rule--We automatically 'fill-in' parts to see a whole

Simplicity -- Stimuli are organized in the most simplest way

Similarity -- We group elements that seem similar

Proximity -- We group elements that are close to one another

Continuity -- We favor smooth or continuous paths when interpreting lines and points

Figure-ground rule -- We always distinguish between figure and background, figures usually have more detail (to us).

Front 10

Organizational Rules are innate and adaptive? T or F

Back 10

TRUE

Front 11

The process by which the brain and eye add depth to visual perceptions

Back 11

Depth Perception

Front 12

Convergence and Retinal Disparity are...Monocular or Binocular?

Back 12

Binocular

Front 13

Depth percetion cue based on signals sent from eye muscles to brain

Back 13

Convergence

Front 14

Depth percetion cue based on distance between eyes images

Back 14

Disparity == closeness

Front 15

T or F: Monocular cues are all learned

Back 15

TRUE

Front 16

Cue that results from convergence of parallel lines in distance

Back 16

Linear Perspective

Front 17

Cue results from expectations of two items to be the same size -- When one is larger we perceive it to be closer

Back 17

Relative size

Front 18

Cue that results from overlapping objects (overlapped object seems farther away)

Back 18

Interposition

Front 19

Cue in which brightly-lit objects appear closer than dimly lit objects

Back 19

Light & Shadow

Front 20

Sharp, Detailed textures are interpreted as closer than less detailed textures

Back 20

Texture Gradient

Front 21

Cue that results from presence of dust, smog, or water vapor; we perceive clarity as close

Back 21

Atmospheric Perspective

Front 22

Speed of motion cue in which fast objects are perceived as closesr than slow objects

Back 22

Motion Parallax

Front 23

Perceptual experience in which an image appears so distorted that it cannot exist realistically -- Created by the manipulation of perceptual cues in a way the brain can't accurately interpret size, space, and depth.

Back 23

Illusions

Front 24

Perceptual experience in which a drawing seems to defy geometric laws

Back 24

Impossible Figure

Front 25

Three Types of learning

Back 25

Classical
Cognitive
Operant

Front 26

Learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires ability to produce a response that was originally produced by a different stimulus

Back 26

Classical Conditioning

Front 27

John Watson conducted the 'Little Albert' experiement and practices what form of psychology?

Back 27

Behaviorism

Front 28

Learning in which subject behaves a certain way then receives punishment or reward that increases or decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated

Back 28

Operant Conditioning -- E.L. Thorndike

Front 29

Behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened, negative outcomes are weakened

Back 29

Law of Effect

Front 30

Attention, Memory, Imitation, Motivation are all parts of which learning process?

Back 30

Cognitive Learning -- Social-Cognitive Learning