Psych 11 And 13

Front 1

personality

Back 1

a relatively stable pattern of behaving, feeling, and thinking that distinguishes one person from another

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self report inventory

Back 2

psychological test in which individ answer questions about themselves, usually by responding yes or no or true or false

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projective test

Back 3

psychological test that involves the use of unstructured or ambiguous stimuli in an effort to assess personality

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Barnum effect

Back 4

the tendency to accept generalized personality descriptions as accurate descriptions of oneself

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trait

Back 5

a summary term that describes the tendency to behave, feel, and think in ways that are consistent across diff situations

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psychic determinism

Back 6

the psychodynamic assumption that all behaviors result from early childhood experiences, especially conflicts related to sexual instincts

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unconscious

Back 7

part of the personality that lies outside of awareness yet is believed to be a crucial determinant of behavior

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id

Back 8

in psychodynamic theory, the most basic element of the personality; it is the source of the instincts and operates on the pleasure principle

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ego

Back 9

in psychodynamic theory, the element of the mind that operates according to the reality principle and serves to satisfy the id and teh superego

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superego

Back 10

in psychodynamic theory, the element of the mind that incorporates parental and societal standards in what is commonly referred to as the conscience as well as the idealistic ego ideal

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defense mechanism

Back 11

psychodynamic term used to describe primary unconscious methods of reducing anxiety or guilt that results from conflicts among the id, ego, and superego

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oral stage

Back 12

the first stage of psychosexual development in which the mouth is the focus of pleasure seeking activity. The first stage of Freuds psychosexual stages the oral stage, consists of attaining pleasure via the mouth

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fixation

Back 13

cessation of further development, resulting in behaviors that are characteristic of the stage of development in which the fixation ocurred

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anal stage

Back 14

second stage of psychosexual development during which the focus of pleasure is the anus and conflict often occurs as efforts are made to toilet train the child

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phallic stage

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the 3rd stage in which the genital organs become the focus of pleasure seeking behavior

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oedipal complex

Back 16

process that occurs during the phallic stage in which a boy wishes to possess his mother sexually and fears retaliation by his father

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Electra complex

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process that occurs during the phallic stage in which a girl wishes to possess her father sexually

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latency stage

Back 18

stage of psychosexual development that extends from about age six until the onset of puberty and is characterized by a low level of sexual interest

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genital stage

Back 19

stage of psychsexual development that begins at puberty and usually leads to normal adult sexual development

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social learning theory

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theory that learning occurs through watching and imitating the behaviors of others

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locus of control

Back 21

whether the person sees his or her behavior as controlled by external factors or internal forces

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reciprocal determinism

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contention that person variables, situation variables, and behavior constantly interact

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self efficacy

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a person's expenctancy concerning his or her ability to engage in effective behaviors; such as expectancies differ from one behavior to another

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humanistic psychology

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general approach to psychology associated with abraham maslow and carl rogers that emphasizes individ control of their behavior

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self actualization

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need to development ones full potential

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deinstitutionalization

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the policy of discharging mentally ill patients form institutions on the assumption that they can be cared for in their communities the policy also led to the closing of part or all of these institutions

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biomedical therapies

Back 27

a set of treatments for mental illness that include drugs, psychosurgery and electroconvulsive therapy

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psychological therapies

Back 28

treatments for psychological disorders such as psychotherapy or therapies based on classical or operant conditioning principles

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psychotherapy

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a special relationship btwn a distressed person and a trained therapist in which the therapist aids the client in developing awareness and changing his or her thinking, feeling, and behavior

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psychoanalytic therapy

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treatment of maladaptive behavior developed by Freud; its goal is to uncover unconscious conflicts and feelings and bring them to the conscious level

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free association

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a psychoanalytic technique in which the patient is asked to say whatever comes to mind without censoring anything

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resistance

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a stage of psychoanalysis in which blocking of free association occurs bc critical unconscious material is close to conscious awareness

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transference

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in psychoanalysis the patients postive or neg reaction to the therpaist which is believed to reflect the patients relationship to a significant person outside of therapy

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humanistic therapies

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therapies that emphasize the present and the ability of clients to solve their own problems once they are able to accept themselves

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client centered therapy

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therapy designed to create an environment in which the client is able to find solutions to his or her problems

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Gestalt therapy

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a humanistic form of therapy developed by Fritz Perls in which therapists may frustrate and challenge clients to lead them toward self acceptance

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cognitive therapies

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therapies designed to change cognitions in order to eliminate maladaptive behaviors

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rational emotive behavior therapy

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a cognitive therapy in which the therapist challenges and questions the clients irrational ideas

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systematic desensitization

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a behavioral technique, based on classical conditioning, that is used to treat phobias; the technique usually combines training in relaxation with exposure to imagined scenes related to a phobia

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aversion therapy

Back 40

classical conditioning technique for reducing or eliminating behavior by pairing the behavior with an unpleasant (aversive) stimulus

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token economy

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a technique that reinforces desirable behaviors with tokens (secondary reinforcers) which can be redeemed for other reinforcers, especially primary reinforcers

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group therapy

Back 42

therapy in which clients discuss problems in groups that may include individs with similar problems, some of the advantages of group therapy are social support and opportunities to practice coping skills and to receive feedback

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antianxiety drugs

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minor tranquilizers such as the benzodiazepines used to reduce anxiety, usually by increasing the ability of the neurotransmitter GABA to bind at synapses

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antipsychotic drugs

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drugs that reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain; the typical antipsychotic drugs work by blocking dopamine whereas the atypical drugs (such as Clozapine) also block serotonin

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tardive dyskinesia

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a serious adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs characterized by involuntary motor symptoms such as lips smacking

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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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a biomedical treatment in which an electric current is passed through the brain to induce a seizure; most often sued to treat severe depression

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psychosurgery

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the alteration of brain tissue in an attempt to alleviate psychological disorders