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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antigen |
"Foreign" particle (protein portion) elicits immune response |
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B-cells |
make specific antibodies (proteins) that attach to and attack specific antigens |
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Natural killer Cells |
(blood cells) non-specific killing of antigens (and tumor cells) |
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Macrophages |
remove waste, cause inflammation |
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psychosomatic |
Real illness brought on by neg psych state |
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hypochondria |
paranoid about having illness |
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malingering |
fool doctor |
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munchausens |
making self sick |
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Phineas Gage |
Railroad accident--> severed connection between frontal cortex and limbic system-->Acted emotional |
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Endocrine |
hormone that secrets into blood (global) |
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Exocrine |
Hormone that secrets locally |
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Gonads |
endocrine part of reproductive organs -secrete sex hormones -produce/release gametes |
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genitalia |
non-endocrine part of reproductive organs |
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Types of Hormones |
Steroid: -diffuse across cell membrane -attach to receptors in cytoplasm -triggers gene expression (days) Protein/peptide & AA Derivative -attach to receptor on cell membrane -activate 2nd messenger sys inside cell -alters metabolism of cell (min or hours) |
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Types of Steroid hormones |
-Cortisol -Sex hormones |
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Types of sex hormones |
-Androgens->TTT -Estrogens->Estradiol |
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Female Masculinization (Intersexes) |
Genetic Female but TTT in utero A) Adrenal Cortex gland -exs steroids->exs TTT B) Anti-miscarriage drug->mimics TTT |
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Testicular Feminization |
Genetic Male but insensitive to TTT in utero appear female but have male gonads->No menstral cycle |
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Levay Study |
Found homosexual males with larger SDN Controversial because all brains had HIV -Non-HIV->Not significant |
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Retention |
maintaining a memory |
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recall |
to bring back to mind, to retrieve |
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recognize |
to perceive something as previously known, familiar |
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STM |
-Memory for things that just happened -limited storage 7 items (-/+ 2) |
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LTM |
-Memory for things that do not currently occupy your attention -must be recalled/recognized |
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Explicit Memory |
'Semantic' memory for events/facts 'episodic' memory (events) -->"remember" 'declarative' mem (facts) --> know |
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Implicit Mem |
memory that doesn't require recollection of specific events/facts, yet affects out behavior 1) Learned motor skills 2) Priming effects -word priming: recognize word if first is actual word-->almost subliminal -Subliminal adverts 3) Conditioned Response |
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Operant Conditioning |
If you do this, I'll do that |
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Conditional conditioning |
When I do this, you'll do that Capitalizes on natural response |
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Retrograde amnesia |
loss of events prior to injury |
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anterograde amnesia |
inability to create new memories after the injury |
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Receptors for Glutamate |
1) AMPA: When glute binds to it, AMPA lets in Na+-->Depolarizes neuron 2) NMDA: When glute binds to it, and if neuron is depolarized (AMPA), NMDA lets in Ca2+ |
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Habituation |
Withdrawal resp gets less intense over time |
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Non-hebbian learning |
Learning not based on synapses strength, instead NT depletion |
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Hebbian learning |
learning must be a change at synapse |
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Hebbian Mechanisms |
increase in synaptic strength (connectivity) btwn Pre and post synap neuron when two neurons are active simultaneously 'Neurons that fire together get wired together' |
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Aphasia |
Left hemisphere damage |
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Language is LH, then how does the RH work? (3) |
Connections btwn hemispheres 1) Corpus Callosum (massive) 2) Anterior commisure (connects part of frontal cortex) 3) Hippocampal commisure (connects hippocampi) |
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LH specialized for |
local visual processing -analytical, sequential |
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RH specialized for |
global visual processing -creativity -facial expressions of emotion |
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Broca area (LH) |
Frontal lobe -problems with syntax and completed sentences -less trouble with nouns, verbs->semantics Syntax impaired, semantics okay |
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Wernicke area (LH) |
Temporal lobe -trouble with comprehension -can speak fluid sentences -speak gibberish |
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Why were the patients laughing or angry during the presidents speech? (Oliver Sachs) |
RH damage, Angry->couldn't understand prosody LH damage, laughing->couldn't understand sentences, syntax but understood tones and exaggerated gestures Without LH, could be tricked |
