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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the OCD obsessions?
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unwanted thoughts
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What are the OCD compulsions?
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repetitive behaviors
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Compulsions are designed to reduce what from obsessions?
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anxiety
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OCD often cause what?
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shame, guilt, anxiety
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Common obsessions?
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-contamination
-intrusive thoughts (religions, sexual, violent) |
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Common compulsions?
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-checking (car, oven, looks)
or -repeating (lights, handwashing, counting) |
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What kind of lifetime prevalence rate for OCD?
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low
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What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?
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Psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event
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How is the trauma re-experienced in PTSD?
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In dreams, flashbacks, hallucinations
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How do people try to avoid PTSD?
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Avoidance of reminders, feelings of numbness (social withdrawal, memory problems)
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List examples of persistent arousal of PTSD:
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Problems sleeping, hyper vigilance, exaggerated startle response
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War veterans have what chance of PTSD?
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1/4
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Prisoners of war have what chance of PTSD?
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2/3
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Victims of WHAT are likely to have PTSD?
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Victims of repeated sexual abuse, natural disasters
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How high of a lifetime prevalence rate for PTSD?
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Very high; prognosis good if treated
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How many months do you have to have symptoms of GAD to be diagnosed?
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6
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Definition of GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder):
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Chronic level of high anxiety/worry not connected to any specific threat
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Common symptoms of GAD:
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Restlessness, irritability, easily tired, muscle tension, problems sleeping
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How high of prevalence rate for GAD?
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Low
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Acquistion (beginning of behavior) of GAD is because of what?
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Classical conditioning (example: Dr. Pavlov and dogs learning behavior)
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Maintenance of GAD is because of what?
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Operant conditioning (example: positive or negative reinforcement?)
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Definition of preparedness:
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Biologically predisposed to fear certain stimuli
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Definition of Eating Disorder:
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Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with one's weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight
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Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa:
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-<85% of recommended weight
-Refusal to maintain healthy weight -Intense fear of gaining weight -Disturbed body image -Absence of 3 menstrual cycles (3 months) |
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Finish the sentence: With anorexia nervosa, people take extreme, dangerous measures to lose _____.
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WEIGHT!
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Finish the sentence: Anorexics have ___ ______ into negative effects of behaviors.
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Poor Insight
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Restricting type of Anorexia:
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No bingeing or purging behavior
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Non restricting type of Anorexia:
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Episodes of bingeing and/ or purging
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How high of percent of females have anorexia?
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Very low
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How high of percent of males have anorexia?
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Very low, lower than females
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Blank percent of all cases occur in females for anorexia:
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90%
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What percent of anorexia is fatal?
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10
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What percent recover from anorexia?
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70
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How long does it take to recover from anorexia?
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6-7 years
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Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa:
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-Needs to happen atleast two times a week, for three months
-Binge eating, (large intake of food, feeling out of control) |
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Compensatory behaviors of Bulimia:
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Vomiting, laxatives, fasting, exercise
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Purging type of Bulimia:
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-Individual purges during episodes
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Non-purging type of Bulimia:
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No purging, but still engages in compensatory activites
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Guilt after binges in Bulimia lead to:
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Compensatory behaviors (vomiting, exercise, laxatives, etc.)
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True or false: Bulemics have a body weight lower than normal
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False, at or above normal level
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What kind of internal problems correlate with Bulimia?
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Cardiac, Dental, Metabolic, Gastrointestinal
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Bulimics are more likely to recognize behavior as what?
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Problematic
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What percent of men and women have bulimia?
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Very low, 1-3
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What percent of all cases occur in females?
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90%
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Does bulimia have a higher or lower mortality rate than anorexia?
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Lower
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How high of percent of recovery rate for bulimia?
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70%, high, 10% remain highly symptomatic
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Differences between anorexia and bulimia?
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-anorexia has weight component, more negative physical effects, little insight, behavior dictated by FEAR
-bulimia has no weight component, better understanding of maladaptiveness, behavior dictated by GUILT |
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Social and cultural factors of Bulimia and Anorexia?
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Emphasize unrealistic ideals, westernized societies
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Familial factors of Bulimia and Anorexia?
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over-controlling parents= struggle for independence, extreme control of body weight
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Definition of Schizophrenia:
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Marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and deterioration of adaptive behaviors
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Positive symptoms (presence of inappropriate behaviors with additional appropriate behaviors) of Schizophrenia:
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Hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, flight of ideas
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Negative symptoms (absence of appropriate behaviors) of Schizophrenia:
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Flat or inappropriate emotions, lack of energy, changes in speech, social withdrawal
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Symptoms of paranoid type of Schizophrenia:
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-delusions of persecution (people are out to get me)
-delusions of grandeur (famous or important "I'm Jesus") |
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Symptoms of disorganized type of schizophrenia:
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-erratic, disorganized behavior
-incoherent speech -inappropriate emotional responses |
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When does onset of Schizophrenia normally occur?
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Early adulthood, history of odd behavior, thinking in past
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Known prevalence rate of Schizophrenia:
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1%
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how high is recovery rate of schizophrenia?
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Low, 15-20%
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Moderate to severe schizophrenia leads to what?
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-lifelong illness
-often taken to treatment facilities |
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Genetics of Schizophrenia:
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-48% identical twins
-17% fraternal twins -46% both parents have schiz. -more genetic, more vulnerable |
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Neurochemical factors of schizophrenia:
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Dopamine problem, and drugs that decrease DA improve symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Brain problems associated with Schizophrenia:
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-structural problems in prefrontal cortex, enlarged ventricles
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Definition of personality disorder:
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pervasive characteristcs that are inherent within a person and that are enduring overtime and situation
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What are the symptoms of Antisocial personality disorder?
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-since age 15
-failure to conform to social norms -deceitful, manipulative -impulsing, irresponsible -irritable, aggressive -reckless disregard for safety and right of others -lack of remorse |
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When do signs of Antisocial Personality Disorder usually set in?
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In childhood
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True or False: Many serial killers have Antisocial Personality Disorder.
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True. Intelligent and charming but are sadistic and do tortuous things. Example: Ted Bundy, Charles Manson
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True or False: CEO's do not have Antisocial Personality Disorder.
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True and False. CEO's can have many characteristics of APD.
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What is prevalence rate of APD for males and females?
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3% males, 1% females
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Are substance use and APD related?
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Yes. High overlap between substance use and APD
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Is APD lifelong?
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Yes
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True or False: APD is easy to treat.
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False. Difficult to treat, lack of insight that they have the disease
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What causes APD?
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-Inconsistent or no discipline in childhood
-Decreased SNS and fear response -Reduced volume in frontal lobe-> more impulsive, inability to assess risk |
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Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder:
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-Frantic efforts to aboid abandonment (real or imagined)
-Severe emotional instability -Feelings of emptiness -Unstable, intense relationships -Impulsive, damaging, suicidal behaviors -Unstable self-image |
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Is Borderline Personality Disorder often diagnosed as Bipolar disorder?
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Yes
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What is prevalence rate of BPD?
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1-3%, Females 3X as likely as males, Lifelong
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True or false: BPD is difficult to treat.
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True. DBT-> Linchan UW study
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Are people with BPD easy to deal with?
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No. Not much insight. Hard to deal with in therapy
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What causes BPD?
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Trauma, punishment or trivialization of emotional experiences in childhood; 35% accordance in identical twins; Increase in amygdala activation-> difficulties in emotional control
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Narcissistic Personality disorder symptoms:
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-self-importance, entitlement
-arrogant -fantasizes of success, power, beauty -needs excessive admiration -exploits others, lacks empathy -thinks others are envious |
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What is prevalence rate of NPD?
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1%, lifelong, hart to treat
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An example of NPD?
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Donald Trump, Omarosa, Everyone on Bad Girls Club
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What causes NPD?
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-excess praise, idealization
-emotional abuse, unpredictable or neglectful parenting, feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem |
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What do therapists do cognitive therapy?
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Change thoughts of disorders, reduce symptoms, good for depression, anxiety
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Theory of cognitive therapy?
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Maladaptive thoughts lead to symptoms
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What happens to patients cognitive therapy?
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They recognize irrational thoughts, evidence based thinking to counter irrational thoughts
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After cognitive therapy, better thinking=
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fewer symptoms
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Is cognitive therapy "positive thinking"?
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No
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Theory of Behavioral therapy?
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Maladaptive behaviors lead to symptoms, good for phobias, BPD
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In cognitive therapy, changed behaviors = ________
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Fewer symptoms
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What is systematic desensitization?
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Gradual exposure to reduce anxiety (phobias)-> behavioral therapy
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What is relaxation therapy?
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Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), deep breathing (decrease SNS response) -> behavioral therapy
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What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
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Mixture of cognitive + behavioral, disorder improved by changing thoughts and behaviors
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What is Pharmacotherapy?
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treatment of mental illness with medication
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Antidepressant drugs:
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More 5HT and NE improves mood, but suicide concerns and placebo effects
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Antianxiety drugs:
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Relieves tension, apprehension, slows down CNS, but concerns with interactions, withdrawal, addiction, overdose
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Antipsychotic drugs:
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Reduce psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganization), blocks DA receptor sites, reduces DA activity, but concerns with side effects, interactions
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Mixture of Pharmacotherapy + CBT
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Best for depression, anxiety, drugs quickly reduce symptoms, CBT changes thoughts/ behaviors, learn skills for coping
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Client-centered therapy:
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Therapist is genuine, validating, empathetic, shows "unconditional" positive regard, Carl Rogers humanistic approach
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What is developmental psychology?
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study of human development across the lifespan
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What is the attachment theory?
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The close emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers, develops over first few months
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What is separation anxiety?
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Emotional distress seen in infants when separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment
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Why do we become attached?
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Babies associate primary caregiver with food (basic need) - classical conditioning
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Who is Harry Harlow?
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Conducted rhesus monkey studies, removed babies from mothers, wire mother, cloth mother, when frightened, monkeys returned to cloth mother even when they didn't have food
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What cause reaction in Rhesus Monkey studies?
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instinct and need for contact comfort
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What is imprinting?
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rapid, innate learning of caregiver characteristics soon after birth, innate, extreme in birds, some in humans
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Who is Konrad Lorenz?
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Studied imprinting in geese, birds will follow and become attached to the first moving object they encounter after hatching
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What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
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Low and high levels of arousal lead to poor performance, mid-level of arousal is good performance
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You know you are disordered when _____.
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You have a different response than typical, it's an interference with everyday life, and it is personally distressing = deviance.
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What are the three factors of the biopsychosocial model?
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All behaviors result of 3 factors: nature, nurture, personal/ psychological (coping) factors
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What is the DSM?
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of human disorders; lists symptoms
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What is Panic Disorder?
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lots of panic attacks and worried; with or without agoraphobia; specific phobias and intense fears of something in particular
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What is a manic episode?
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Elevated mood
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What is Major Depressive Disorder?
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Depressive episodes, depressed mood
*Anthydonia- lack of enjoying things -Symptoms must exist for atleast two weeks |
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What is Bipolar Disorder?
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Many manic episodes, irritable, increased pleasure seeking activity
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What is Cyclothymia?
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Baby form of bipolar disorder, 2 years
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What is Dysthymia?
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Baby form of depression, 2 years
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What is the Negative Cognitive Triad?
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Life is bad, won't get any better
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What is the Stress, Diathesis Stress Model?
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You have to have vulnerability and stress to have depression
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What is anthydonia?
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Lack of enjoying things
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