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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System |
consists of the nerves of the brain and spinal cord |
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Neuron |
cell that receives and transmits signals through body and brain |
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Glial Cell |
care-taker cell bring nutrient, remove waste |
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Dendrite |
receives the chemical signal |
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Axon |
carries the electrochemical signals |
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Myelin |
the fatty tissue that insulates the axon |
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Action Potential |
exchange of sodium and potassium ions creates electrical wave down axon |
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Afferent Neuron |
carries the sensory and internal organ signals in to brain |
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Efferent Neurons |
carries the signals from the brain out to muscles |
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Terminal |
end of axon, holds neurotransmitters |
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Synapse |
space between terminal and dendrites (fluid-filled) |
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Receptor Site |
dendrite area where chemical can bond and activate next neuron |
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Serotonin |
significant in sleep and perception (helps with waking up) |
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid |
inhibitory signal important in slowing nervous systems so you relax |
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Acetycholine |
important in short term memory |
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Dopamine |
control of muscle movement |
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Norepinephrin |
causes general arousal making you feel alert, active |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
nerves to and out from spinal cord |
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Somatic System |
carries signals in to brain and out to muscles (carries pain signal in the sore knee to the spine and brain) |
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Autonomic System |
carries signals to and from organs to maintain body function (carries signal to gland to release hormones) |
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Electroenephalograph |
(EEG) records strength/frequency of electrical activity in neurons |
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Positronic Emissions Tomography |
(PET scan) using a mild radioactive glucose, records if neuron is biochemically activiate |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
(MRI) expose brain to radio waves in a magnetic field and records blood flow |
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Computer Axial Tomography |
(CAT scan) computer combines multiple x-rays to form a 3D structural view [can see inside brain] |
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Pons |
involved in sleep/waking, and attentiveness |
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Medulla |
involved in heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure |
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Cerebellum |
develops with practice to control learned/coordinated movement (walking, riding a bike) |
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Reticular Activating System |
(RAS) important in sleep, arousal, and attention; especially it alerts mid-brain to attend to incoming signal (what wakes you up when your alarm goes off) |
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Thalamus |
mid-brain structure receiving the alert signal and relays to appropriate areas of the cortex ~thinking about alarm clock ~looking at alarm clock ~getting up and walking |
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Hypothalamus |
signals release in hormones in the body processes (elements of emotion and motivation; hunger and sex drive) |
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Amygdala |
evaluate incoming signal, activates behavior and emotion (fight or flight) |
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Hippocampus |
forming and accessing new memories of recent events (short term memory depends on hippocampus) |
