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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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multidimensienality
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many components to our characteristics
ex. personality, intellect |
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multidirectionality
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development can take many paths
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plasticity
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humans are always ameanable to change
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dynamic
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the individual interprets their realities. we are not just impacted by things-it is the way we interpret them and let them impact us
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contextualism
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you cannot understand an individual unless you know their context
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"throwness"
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a concept about how we are determined by out surroundings
ex. the way we are born determines who we are/our beliefs |
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historical embeddedness
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the time period in which they were born into is a different culture which influences the way you think/see the world
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social embeddedness
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social dynamics determine our development in a large way
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transdiciplinarity
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can't stay in 1 dicipline
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the 5 meta-theory themes
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transdiciplinarity, contextualism, multidimensiality/directionality, plasticity and life-span
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assortive mating
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we marry people similar to ourselves
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nomothetic
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a research methodology that is general laws and rules
*what science is based off of |
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idiographics
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second reseach methodology that is an intense study of a singular case
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nomothetic designs to detect relationships
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1. correlations- how 2 or more things correlate
ex. higher well being= higher social support only get direction and magnitude 2. experimental- leads to causation |
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nomothetic designs to detect development:
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1. cross-sectional- cross section of the pop by age
2. longitudinal- look at same case for long time- age doesnt change, time does |
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chronological age
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a count of how many times a inhabitant of this planet has orbited the sun
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Functional age
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measure of how well a person can function in a physical and social environment compared with people n the same age
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Gerontologists
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scientists who study aged people and the aging process.
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Psychological age
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how well, in comparison with same-aged peers, a person can cope with environmental changes
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Social age
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depends on how closely behavior conforms to the norms and expectancies of a certain age is expected to play in society
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Normative history
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graded influences- common in a cohort- group of people who share a similar experience (growing up in the same place)
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Microsystems
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everyday environment of home or school-including face-to-face relations
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Mesosystem
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the interlocking of various microststems-linkages betweek home, school, and work and neighborhood
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exosystem
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linkage between microststem and (linkage between Microsystems and outside systems that effect a person indirectly
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. macrosystem
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consists of overarching cultural patterns such as dominant beliefs, ideologies, and economic, and political systems.
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chronosystem
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adds the dimension of time: change or consistence in the person and the enviroment (change in family structure or change in location)
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Quantitative Development
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changes in number or amount
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qualitative development
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Changes in the kinds of things older and younger adults can do, or how they do them
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Metatheory
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broad hypothesis, or tentative explanations, about how the world works
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Quasi experiment
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measures the difference between groups or changes following a treatment
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time-lag study
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when you are actually interested in time effects focus on 1 group over time
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systematic attrition
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things that effect the longitudinal study
ex. too long of a period- you get people who drop out |
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psychotic defenses
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distortion- grossly reshaping reality
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immature defenses
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projection- undesireable characteristic and sticking it to someone else
-passive aggressive -regression |
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neurotic/intermediate defenses
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-intellectualization- never recognize the emotion- you transfer it to a safe place
-rationalization -controlling -reaction formation -sublimation |
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healthy defenses
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-humor
-altruism- 911 everyone gave blood |
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suppression/repression
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suppression- knowingly remove something from active thought
both are borderline healthy/neurotic |
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Vaillant study
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relationships and life adjustment: studied 268 men in college and followed them to middle age, found that 93% had stable marriages before 30 and still married at 50.
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Levinson’s study
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underlying pattern or design of a person’s life at a given time.
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Erik Erikson
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believes that personality develops through the balancing of negative and positive tendencies at 8 critical stages of life.
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Environmental model of coping
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humans as reactors and too many stressors can overload them and they will not be able to cope (does not consider how the person interprets it, stressors can come from lack of change, or timing
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Congruence model of copin
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recongnizes that people’s needs differ and environments differ in how they meet those needs. Depends on the match between environment and person
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Environmental-press model of coping
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emphasizes differences in demands that environments make and in individuals’ ability to meet those demands
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• Identity assimilation
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attempt to fit a new experience into an existing self concept
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identity accommodation
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adjusting self-image and view of relationship in order to adapt
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Trait models
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focus on mental, emotional, temperamental and behavioral traits or attributes. They attempt to reduce personality and behavior to basic elements, and they assume that traits fairly predictably influence behavior. These studies find that adult personality change very little
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Self-concept models
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are concerned with how people view themselves. They describe people as actively regulating their own personality development- these models incorporate both stability and change
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Stage models
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portray a typical sequence of age-related development that continues throughout the life span. These studies find significant, predictable changes
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Self in relation theory
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men and women’s gender identities develop differently. Men need to distance themselves from their mothers to become a man and a woman does not. women are vulnerable but that is actually a good thing because it promotes connections, something men have a harder time doing
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Problem focused coping
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focused toward eliminating, managing or improving stress condition
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Emotion focused coping
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directed towards feeling better, managing the emotional response to a stressful situation
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