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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What area of the brain mediates the stress response?
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HPA: Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis
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A glucocorticoid released by the adrenal gland in response to stress is...
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cortisol
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When reserves are depleted, what part of the GAS stage are you in?
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Exhaustion
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Cope is part of which GAS stage?
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Resistance
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Flight/Fight is part of which GAS stage?
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Alarm
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The bodys three stage model of Alarm - Resistance - Exhaustion is...
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GAS: General Adaptation Syndrome
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The area of the brain active in addictive behavior
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nucleus accumbens
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The area of the brain that includes many neurons that use dopamine = Pleasure & Reward
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MFB: medial forebrain bundle
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damage to this area is associated with human violence
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orbital frontal cortex
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high testosterone & low seratonin = what emotion
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agression
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L. hemisphere of cortex damage =
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depression
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stimulation of the amygdala
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fear & anxiety
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What area of the brain is critical in interpreting emotion of fear & anger?
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amygdala
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What brain areas are involved with emotion?
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limbic system
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a polygraph is only about ____% accurate?
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65%
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damage to the extrapyramidial pathways means someone can smile__________but not____________.
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can smile on command, but not spontaneously
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damage to the primary motor cortex means someone can smile _________but not____________,
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can smile spontaneously but not on command
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What type of expression involve extrapyramidial pathways?
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spontaneous
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What type of expression involves primary motor cortex?
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voluntary
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What law states taht when arousal is too low or too high performance appears to suffer?
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Yerks Dodson Law
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Is emotion subjective or objective?
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subjective
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Are the activating effects of sex hormones permanent or temporary?
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temporary
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Are the organizing effects of sex hormones permanent or temporary?
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permanent
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What sex hormone is higher in females and include estradiol?
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estrogen
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What sex hormone is higher in males and includes testosterone?
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androgen
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What are lipid soluable and have long lasting effects?
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hormones
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What sex hormone prepares uterus for pregnancy
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progesterone
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What is known as a hormone (in bloodstream) and a neurotransmitter (when released on brain)
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CCK: cholecystokinine
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What condition is when a child is born with ambiguous genetalia but develops male secondary sex characteristics at puberty?
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5 alpha reductase deficiency
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In response to stimulation by FSH and LH the testes produce ________and ovaries produce__________.
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testosterone & estrodial
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What hormone release by anterior pituitary signals male testes to produce testosterone and regulates menstral cycle in females?
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LH: Lutineizing Hormone
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What hormone released by anterior pituitary sstimulates development of sperm and eggs
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FSH: Follicle stimulating hormone
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What stimulates release of LH and FSH by anterior pituitary gland?
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GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone
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At onset of puberty what hormone is released by the hypothalamus?
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GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone
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What condition is when a fetus is exposed to higher than normal androgens resulting in some masculinization of external genetalia and some cognitive behavior. (female = tomboys, lesbian preferences)
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CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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What androgen is secreted by the testes that masculinizes the external genetalia?
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5 alpha dehydrotestosterone
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What syndrome is a condition where a genetic male lacks androgen receptors which lead to development of female mind and body?
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AIS: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
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What are steroid hormones that develop and maintain typically masculine characteristics?
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androgens
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During the 3rd month of development, the male testes secrete _________and________
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testosterone and anti mullerian hormone
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Ineternal fetal structure that will develop into a uterus, fallopian tubes and upper 2/3 of the vagina
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mullarian system
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A system present in males that will develop into seminal vessicles, vas deferens, and prostate gland
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Wolfian system
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What are the organs that produce reproductive cells called?
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gonads
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What syndrome is a condition characterized by an XXY genotype. They are males but need hormones to promote male development and inhibit female
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Klinefelters Syndrome
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What syndrome is a condition characterized by normal female external appearance but abnormal ovaries and infertility?
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Turners syndrome
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chromosomes are found in all human body cells except
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red blood cells
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human genome = ____ pairs of chromosomes
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23 pairs
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XY =
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male
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XX=
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female
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What type of diabetes occurs when insulin producing cells of pancreas have been destroyed?
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Type 1
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What is released as blood glucose levels drop?
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glucagon
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What shuttles glucose to the blood
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glucagon
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Where is insulin stored for later use?
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adipose tissue
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What decreases blood glucose levels
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insulin
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What shuttles excess glucose from the blood to other tissues that need it?
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insulin
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What are the pancreatic hormones?
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insulin & glucagon
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What is released by the duodenum in response to food?
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CCK: cholecystokinin
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What signals satiety (fullness) by slowing speed of stomach emptying
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CCK
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What cells secrete leptin
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Fat cells
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What part of the brain kicks in when it is hot as it is responsible for perspiration and dialation of blood vessels?
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preoptic hypothalamus
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What part of the brain kicks in when it is cold as it is responsible for heat conservation (shivering)
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posterior hypothalamus
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body temp greater than 105.8=
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life threatening hyperthermia
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body temperature lower than 95=
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hypothermia
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are mammals endotherms or ectotherms?
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endotherms
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are reptiles endotherms or ectotherms?
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ectotherms
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What is an organisms ability to adjust to physiological conditions to maintain system regulation?
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homeostasis
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