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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biological perspective
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A research perspective whose major explanatory focus is how the brain, nervous system and other physiological mechanisms produce behavior and mental processes
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Cognitive perspective
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A research perspective whose major explanatory focus is how mental processes, such as perception, memory, and problem solving work and impact behavior
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Behavioral perspective
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A research perspective whose major explanatory focus is how external environmental events condition observable behavior
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Sociocultural perspective
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A research perspective whose major explanatory focus is how other people and the cultural context impact on behavior and mental processes
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Hindsight bia
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The tendancy, after learning about an out come, to be overconfident in one's ability to have predicted it
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descriptive methods
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research methods whose main purpose is to provide objective and detailed behavior and mental processes
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Naturalistic behavior
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A descriptive research method in which the behavior of interest is observed in its natural setting, and the researcher does not intervene in the behavior being observed
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Participant observation
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A descriptive research method in which the observer becomes part of the group being observed
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Case Study
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A descriptive research method in which the researcher studies an indavidual in depth over an extended period of time
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Survey Research
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A descriptive research method in which the researcher uses questionnaires and interviews to collect information about the behavior, beliefs, and attitudes of particular groups of people
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Population
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The entire group of people that a researcher is studying
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Sample
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The subset of a population that actually participates in a aresearch study
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Random Sampling
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A sampling technique that obtains a representative same of a population by ensuring that each indavidual in a population has an equal opportunity to be in the sample
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Correlation Study
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A research study in which two variables are measured to determine if they are related (how well either one predicts the other)
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Variable
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Any factor that can tak eon more than one value
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Correlation Coefficient
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A statistic that tells us the type and the strength of the relationship between two variables. The sign of the coefficient (+ or -) indicates the type of correlation - positive or negative, respectively. The absolute value of the coefficient (0.0 to 1.0) represents the strength of the correlation, with 1.0 being the maximum strength
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positive correlation
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a direct relationship between two variables
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negative correlation
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an inverse relationship between two variables
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scatterplat
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a visual depiction of correlational data in which each data point represents the scores on the two variables for each participant
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third variable problem
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an explanation of a correlation between two variables in terms of another (third) variable that could possibly be responsible for the observed relationship between the two variables
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