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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motivation
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need that energizes behavior and direct to a goal
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drive reduction theory
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a physiological state that creates a drive to motivate people to satisfy need |
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hierarchy of needs
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only when basic need is satisfied, higher need can be satisfied
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instinct evolutionary theory |
we are pre-programmed
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physiological need |
basic need for surviving and reproducing
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instinct |
complex behavior with fixed pattern, it is unlearned and species specific |
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Intrinsic motivation |
driven by interest of a task |
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extrinsic motivation |
driven by outside reward; exist outside of an individual |
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Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of need |
certain needs have priority over others |
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criticisms of hierarchy |
beyond physiological need and safety need, the priority varies between different cultures |
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arousal theory |
people often motivated to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it. |
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Yerkes-Dodson Law |
optimal arousal will cause optimal performance |
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physiology of hunger |
bodily sensation that reflects a physiological need for calories; hypothalamus receives and interprets hunger and fullness signals from the body |
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ghrelin leptin PYY |
hunger hormones that comes from stomach long term fullness hormones that comes from fat cells, it decreases hunger and increase metabolism ST fullness hormones that comes from intestine |
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hypothalamus |
hunger or fullness signal receiver |
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Ghrelin |
胃饥饿素hunger hormones, if inject ghrelin, people become intensely hunger and eat 30% more than usual |
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Leptin |
瘦素long term fullness hormones which from fat cells, it increases metabolism and decrease hunger |
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bulimia nervosa |
易饿症暴食症 |
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anorexia nervosa |
厌食症, people with anorexia have intense fear about being fat and have restricted schedule of eating |
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obesity |
defined as having BMI of 30 or greater. |
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caveats to BMI |
1.muscle weighs more than fat 2.weight distribution matters 3.many people considered obese by body fat percentage are missed by BMI |
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metabolism |
the rate at which energy is used |
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emotion |
a positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity |
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James-Lange theory |
a theory which asserts that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain. |
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cannon-bard theory |
A theory which asserts that stimulis simultaneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain |
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schachter-singer(two factor) theory |
after senses the stimuli, body's response and our interpretation work together and produce an feeling; arousal提供emotion一个生理基础，cognition提供emotion一个标签一个定义 |
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spillover effect |
arousal can spill over from one event to the next, influencing our response |
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the same physiological state can be interpreted as different emotions depending on the cognition effect. |
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fast pathways of processing of emotion |
stimulus information travels from thalamus directly to amygdala with less detail; sometime we experience emotion before we know what cause them |
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slow pathways of processing of emotion |
stimulus informaiton travels from thalamus to cortex then to amygdala and it has more detail but longer processing time |
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universality of expression |
the hypothesis that emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone 1.各国各民族都能看懂同一个表情 2.从未见过别人表情的人也能够表现出一样的表情 |
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facial feedback hypthesis |
hypothesis that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify; expression cause emotion effect |
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drive |
an arousal state of tension |
