Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Psychological Disorder Myths
|
1. Psychological disorders are incurable 2. People with psychological disorders are often violent and dangerous 3. People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways and are very different from normal people 4. |
|
|
DSM-V
|
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th ed. (DSM-5). The DSM-5 includes 22 major categories of disorder. DSM-5 is divided in three sections: Section 1 covers historical material including the process of development of the DSM-5. Section 2 lays out the criteria for the main diagnostic categories and other disorders. Section 3 includes assessment measures and criteria for psychological disorders that are subjects for further study. |
|
|
Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post- Traumatic Stress Disorders
|
Generalized anxiety disorder is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat: “free-floating anxiety.” Phobic disorder is marked by a persistent an irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger. Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions). Obsessions often centre on inflicting harm on others, personal failures, suicide, or sexual acts. Post-traumatic stress disorder involves psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event; it is seen after war, rape, major disasters, etc. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event in the form of nightmares and flashbacks, emotional numbing, alienation, problems in social relations, and elevated arousal, anxiety, and guilt. |
|
|
Dissociative Disorders
|
Dissociative disorders are a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity. Dissociative amnesia is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting. Memory loss may be for a single traumatic event or for an extended time period around the event. Dissociative fugue is when people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity: forget their name, family, where they live, etc., but still know how to do math and drive a car. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) (formerly multiple personality disorder) involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities.DID is related to severe emotional trauma that occurred in childhood, although this link is not unique to DID, as a history of child abuse elevates the likelihood of many disorders, especially among females. |
|
|
Mood Disorders |
Major depressive disorder is marked by profound sadness, slowed thought processes, low self-esteem, and loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure. Major depression is also called unipolar depression.
Dysthymic disorder consists of chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis of major depression.
Bipolar disorder (formerly known as manic-depressive disorder) is characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes usually accompanied by periods of depression. In a manic episode, a person’s mood becomes elevated to the point of euphoria.
Cyclothymic disorder people who exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance.
|
|
|
Schizophrenia: Causes |
Genetic vulnerability Strong genetic predisposition , genes that predisposes to schizophrenia but unique experiences that act as triggers
Cortisol , smoking marijuana (THC) , genetic predisposition
Neurochemical factors(thc) – imbalances in dopamine
Structural abnormality of the brain – brain degeneration , loss of grey (density) and white matter (myelin- facilitates brain communication)
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis – something happens prenatally that alters brain development, things can cross placental barriers that can harm developing fetus.
Teratogen – disease and nutrition Flu epidemic in Finland – children developed schizophrenia Netherland – severe food malfunction Expressed emotion
Correlation between relapse rate in families that have high emotional states Precipitating stress – cortisol levels , stress hormones |
|
|
Schizophrenia: Symptoms |
Delusions and irrational thought – false beliefs and irrational thoughts
Deterioration of adaptive behaviour – social interaction, getting dressed, personal hygiene , jobs , transportation
Hallucinations – sensory perception in the absence of sensory stimuli
Disturbed emotions – inappropriate or extreme emotions or flaccid
Positive vs. negative symptoms – positive: adding to normal behaviour (hallucinations) negative: taking away normal behaviour (speech , personality)
Inappropriate emotional response |
|
|
Personality Disorders |
Separated into three clusters: - Anxious/Fearful - Odd/Eccentric - Dramatic/Impulsive
Causes Genetic predispositions – twin studies (identical twins 50%, fraternal 30-40%)
Inadequate socialization in dysfunctional families - family environments that will predict psychopicity (variables)
Under arousal theory- being without anti-social personality disorder have threshold for arousal, where as someone who has anti-social personality disorder have a higher threshold (be more extreme in behaviour). |
|
|
Development Disorders |
- Depression - Post-traumatic stress disorder - Obsessive-compulsive disorder - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder...are we over diagnosing based on school system and family life? - Autism spectrum disorder: impairments in social interactions - can’t read social cues, inappropriate emotional responses - No main causes |
|
|
Psychological Disorders & Law |
- Insanity plead: M’Naghten “not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder”
- Qualification: 1) unable to distinguish right from wrong 2) don’t have intent |
|
|
Disorders and Culture |
Cultural variations – not recognized or diagnosis by all cultures (anxiety disorder). Delusions are universal but context are influenced by culture
Culture-bound disorders - Koro: rational fear that penis will disappear into abdomen in Asian culture - Windigo: desire to eat human flesh - Anorexia nervosa: western culture (until recently) |
|
|
Eating Disorders: Symptoms |
Anorexia nervosa Disturbed body image abnormal body weight -Maintained by restricting calories or eating then purging. Bulimia Binge eating followed by purging (maintain normal body weight) but undergo health side effects. Binge eating Emotionally based, are often over weight. |
|
|
Eating Disorders: Causes |
Twin studies show not as strong of a correlation. Personality: certain personality patterns and traits associated with disorders - Anorexia (perfectionism) - Bulimia( high on over productivity and over sensitive) Culture: body imagine ideal, diet, controlling parenting – way to exert control , cognition (distorted body image). |
