Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Habituation
|
repeated/prolonged exposure----reduced response. (ex: violence on TV)
|
|
|
Classical Conditioning
|
Learned Associations (ex: Pavlov's Dogs)
|
|
|
Extinction
|
Present CS without USC, and CR will eventually stop.
|
|
|
Spontaneous Recovery
|
Reappearance of a CR after a rest period.
|
|
|
Stimulus Generalization
|
CR occurs with other similar CSs.
|
|
|
Stimulus Discrimination
|
Organism learns to differentiate among stimuli so that CR only occurs only with CS
|
|
|
Higher Order Conditioning
|
Condition behavior without a UCS, by pairing a new, neutral stimulus with an existing CS
|
|
|
Taste Aversions
|
Food & Alcohol related illnesses (becoming sick or nauseous)
|
|
|
Operant Conditioning
|
Learning through consequence (punishment)
|
|
|
Operant Conditioning (ii)
|
Learning occurs as a result of stimuli that either increase or decrease the likelihood of a particular behavioral response.
|
|
|
Social Learning
|
learning vicariously through watching the consequences of others' actions (indirect)
|
|
|
Phoneme
|
the smallest unit of sound recognizable as speech. (ex: P = "puh"
|
|
|
Morpheme
|
the smallest unit of language that carries meaning. (ex: dog, -ing)
|
|
|
Grammar
|
rules that specify how units of language can be combined to produce meaningful phrases
|
|
|
surface structure
|
how a sentence is worded
|
|
|
deep structure
|
the meaning of a sentence
|
|
|
fast mapping
|
Children’s ability to map a word onto underlying concept after only a single exposure.
|
|
|
Behaviorist Theory
|
Children learn language through operant conditioning
|
|
|
Nativist Theory
|
language is an innate, biological capacity
|
|
|
language acquisition device (LAD)
|
a collection of processes that facilitate language learning
|
|
|
Broca's Area (neurological)
|
language production - left frontal lobe
|
|
|
Wernicke's Area (neurological)
|
comprehension language (left temporal lobe)
|
|
|
Aphasia (neurological)
|
disorder in producing or comprehending language
|
|
|
Exemplar Theory (specific)
|
category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category.
|
|
|
Prototype Theory (nonspecific)
|
yes/no categorical judgments made by comparing new instances to a category’s prototype.
|
|
|
factor analysis
|
stat technique that reduces large number of correlations to small # of factors
|
|
|
fluid intelligence
|
the ability to process info
|
|
|
crystallized intelligence
|
the accuracy and amount of info available for processing
|
|
|
relative intelligence
|
stable over time
|
|
|
absolute intelligence
|
changes over time
|
